PINUS COULTERI. 325 



The species was irrst seen by Lewis and Clark during their journey 

 across the Rocky Mountains in 1805, .but it was not known to 

 science till it was discovered by David Douglas near Cape 

 Disappointment during his first mission to the Far West, 1825 1827. 

 There is no evidence of its having been introduced by him, and the 

 actual date of introduction, which must have been many years later, 

 does not appear to have been recorded.* 



In Great Britain Pinus contorta is planted solely as a decorative 

 tree ; it is of slow growth, shapely, dense in habit, not taking up 

 much room, and clothed with a rather persistent dark foliage; the 

 distorted state so frequent on the Pacific coast is here altogether absent. 

 The variety Murrayana forms a larger tree with a more diffuse habit. 



Pinus Coulteri. 



A large tree 50 80 feet high with a trunk 3 5 feet in diameter, 

 covered with thick blackish bark deeply fissured into numerous plates 

 of irregular shape. Branches of almost timber-like size, long and 

 horizontal, often curved, sometimes towards one side and sometimes 

 towards the other. Brauchlets stout with rough blackish bark spirally 

 furrowed, the herbaceous shoots with a bluish violet tint that changes 

 with age to pale orange-brown. Buds ovoid-conic, terminating in a 

 rather slender point, 1/25 inch long; the perulsB narrowly lanceolate, 

 acuminate, yellowish brown. Leaves ternate, persistent two three years, 

 triquetral, rigid, serrulate along the distal half and terminating in a 

 small mucro ; in Great Britain 9 11 inches long and dull greyish 

 green ; basal sheath more than an inch long, pale brown and smooth 

 but becoming much corrugated and blackish in the second year. 

 Staminate flowers in crowded clusters, sub-cylindric, 1'25 inch long, 

 straight or slightly incurved, surrounded by eight ten involucral bracts. 

 Cones ovoid-conic, 9 12 inches long and often 6 inches in diameter 

 near the base and weighing five seven pounds, in Great Britain rarely 

 attaining these dimensions. Scales wedge-shaped, prolonged at the 

 apex into a strongly incurved spine, pale yellowish brown, of very 

 hard ligneous texture and closely adherent. Seeds oval, compressed, with 

 broad wings an inch long. 



Pinus Coulteri, Don in Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 440 (1836). London, Arb. et 

 Frut. Brit. IV. 2250, with tigs. Forbes, Pinet. Woburn, 67, tt. 25, 26. Carriere, 

 Traite Conif. ed. II. 437. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 392. Gordon, Pinet. 

 ed. II. 266. Lavvson, Pinet. Brit. I. 23, with figs. Engelmann in Brewer and 

 Watson's Bot. Califor. II. 127. Masters in Gard. Chron. XXIII. (1885), p. 415, 

 Avith tig. ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 227. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 257. 

 Sargent, Silva N. Amer. XL 99, tt. 571, 572. 



P. macrocarpa, Lindley in Bot. Reg. XXVI. misc. 61 (1840). Hoopes, 

 Evergreens, 115. Kent in Veitch's Manual, ed. I. 166. And others. 



Pinus Coulteri inhabits the coast range of California at elevations 

 varying from 3,000 to 6,000 feet from Mount Diabolo and the 

 Santa Lucia southwards to the San Bernardino and San Jacinto 



* In the former edition of this Manual it is stated at page 145 that Pinus contorta was 

 introduced by David Douglas in 1831 : but this is incorrect, as it had not been introduced 

 at the date of publication of London's "Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum " in 1838. 



