354 PINUS PARVIFLORA. 



ascending. Branchlets tufted, short, and covered with light brown 

 bark, the herbaceous shoots pubescent. Buds small, ovoid, obtuse, with 

 lanceolate, acuminate, obscurely ciliolate perulee that are reddish brown 

 and free at the apex. Leaves quinate, persistent three four years, 

 clustered on the distal half of the branchlets, slender, triquetral, 

 1 2 inches long, the convex side bright green, the flat sides with 

 four five silvery white stomatiferous lines ; basal sheath reddish brown, 

 about 0*5 inch long, deciduous. Staminate flowers not more than 

 0*5 inch long, in a dense cylindric spike 1 2 inches long, sub-sessile, 

 yellowish, and surrounded at the base by four five lanceolate, acute, 

 involucral scales. Cones solitary or in clusters of two three, erect, 

 ovoid, 2 2'5 inches long, and 1 1'5 inch in diameter near the base. 

 Scales broadly wedge-shaped with a rounded entire outer edge, at the 

 middle of which is a slight thickening, pale reddish brown with 

 longitudinal striations on the dorsal side, and bearing two seeds with 

 rudimentary wings on the inner (ventral) side. 



Pinus parviflora, Siebold and Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 27, t. 115 (1842). 

 Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 138 (1847). Murray, Pines and Firs of Japan, 11, 

 with figs. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 384. Parlatore, D C. Prodr. XVI. 404. 

 Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 504 ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 236 

 Syme in Gard. Chron. X. (1878), p. 624, with fig. Mayr, Abiet. Jap. Reiches, 

 76, t 5, fig. 19. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 280. 



P. Cembra, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274 (not Linnaeus) (1784). 



Eng. Small-flowered Pine, Japanese Short-leaved Pine. Germ. Madchen Zirbel, 

 Kleinbliitige Kiefer. Jap. Himeko-matsu. 



Pinus parviflora is a native of Japan ; it occurs wild in the 

 southern islands of Kiushiu and Shiskoka in considerable numbers 

 and in the central island northwards to about the 38th parallel of 

 north latitude, ascending to 5,000 feet, forming an ingredient of the 

 mountain forests, either scattered singly or in small groves, in places 

 mixed with Hemlock Firs and Cypresses. It is cultivated everywhere 

 throughout Japan ; when planted for decoration and left to itself, it 

 rarely exceeds 25 feet in height, but it is more frequently used for 

 pot culture, dwarfed to the smallest possible dimensions, and trained 

 into all kinds of fanciful shapes. The wood is soft, straight-grained 

 and easily worked, but not much used on account of the inaccessibility 

 of the larger trees. 



In Great Britain and the north-eastern States of America Pinus 

 parviflora is one of the most ornamental of Pines ; it is quite hardy 

 and thrives generally in many situations. On account of its small size, 

 well furnished trunk and light foliage, it is the best Pine that can be 

 selected for a small lawn and places where the larger and more rapid- 

 growing species are inadmissible ; it flowers and cones freely in a young- 

 state, and the young shoots are sometimes so loaded with yellow 

 staminate flowers or young purple cones as to add considerably, for the 

 time, to its decorative effect. 



Pinus parviflora was first detected by Thunberg who referred it in 

 his " Flora Japonica " to P. Cembra ; it became more definitely known 

 to science in 1842 through Dr. Siebold, by whom it was specifically 

 distinguished. P. parviflora was introduced to British gardens by the late 

 John Gould Yeitch in 1861. 



