358 PINUS PINASTER. 



lawns and places where the large-growing Pines should be excluded. 

 In its botanical aspect P. Peuke is unquestionably an offshoot or 

 geographical form of P. excelsa, but long since separated from the 

 ancestral stock, if P. exceha may be so regarded, by the whole region 

 which lies between Afghanistan and Macedonia, in which no allied Pine 

 has yet been found. Nevertheless it is so distinct in habit from 

 P. excelsa that practically it may receive specific rank. Structurally 

 all the parts and organs of P. Peuke nearly coincide with the same 

 parts of P. excelsa, but are smaller in size ; in this respect the leaves 

 and cones are well-nigh intermediate between those of P. excelsa and 

 -P. /Strolus, which P. Peuke in a measure connects. 



Pinus Pinaster. 



A large tree, attaining a height of 50 80 feet, the dimensions 

 greatly influenced by situation, aspect and environment ; the trunk 

 covered from early age with a coarse bark deeply fissured into narrow 

 longitudinal ridges, broken up into numerous small plates. Branches 

 slender in proportion to trunk, spreading or ascending, the lowermost 

 more or less depressed but usually upturned at the distal end. Branchlets 

 much roughened with the scars of the fallen leaves, the herbaceous 

 shoots pubescent. Buds cylindric with a conical apex, 0'75 inch long, 

 with whitish brown reflexed perulae fringed with woolly hairs. Leaves 

 geminate, persistent three four years, mostly clustered on the distal 

 half of each year's growth, 'semi-terete, rigid with slightly serrulate 

 margins and sub-acute tip, 7 9 or more inches long, on old trees 

 frequently not more than 6 inches long, bright grass-green ; basal 

 sheath 0'5 0'75 inch long, at first whitish, much crumpled, and 

 blackish the second year. Staminate flowers in a rather lax spike, 

 4 6 inches long, cylindric, obtuse, about an inch long, and surrounded 

 at the base by three four involucral bracts ; anthers fawn-yellow with 

 a rounded denticulate connective. Cones in whorls of four eight, 

 conic-cylindric, 4 6 inches long, and 1'5 2 '5 inches in diameter at the 

 broadest, more or less oblique owing to greater development on the 

 exposed side, at first purplish, green during the period of growth, fawn- 

 yellow when mature ; scales broadly oblong, a little more than an inch 

 long, the apophysis rhomboidal with a transverse keel and central 

 pyramidal umbo. 



Finns Pinaster, Solander in Alton's Hort. Kew. ed. I. Vol I. 367 (1789). Lambert, 

 Genus Pinus, I. tt. 4, 5 (1803). London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2213, with figs. 

 Link in Linnsea, XV. 498. Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 168. Carriere, Traite 

 Conif. ed. II. 465. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 382. Lawson, Pinet Brit. I. 

 71, t. 10 / and figs. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 221. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. 

 Soc. XIV. 237. 



P. maritima, Lamarck, Encycl. V. 337 (1804). 



P. escarena, Risso, Hist. Nat Eur. II. 429 (1826). 



P. Lemoniana, Carriere. Traite Conif. ed. II. 470 (1868). 



Bug. Cluster Pine, Pinaster. Fr. Pin de Bordeaux, Pin maritime, Pin des Landes. 

 Germ Sternkiefer, Strandkiefer, Igelfdhre. Ital. Pino raggrupato. 



Several varieties of Pinus Pinasfer are described by London and 

 other authors, of which one, Lemoniana, is a monstrous form that 

 originated at Carclew in Cornwall, formerly the residence of Sir 

 Charles Lemon. In this variety a cone is produced in the place of 



