PINUS RIGID A. 373 



Finns resinosa, Solander in Alton's Hort. Kew, ed. I. Vol. III. 367 (1789). 

 Lambert, Genus Pinus, I. t. 14 (1803). London, Arb. et Frnt. Brit. IV. 2210,' 

 with figs. Forbes, Pinet. Woburn, 19, t. 6. Link in Linnaea, XV. 501. 

 Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 178. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 388. Gordon, 

 Pinet. ed. II. 256. Hoopes, Evergreens, 102. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 246. Macoun, 

 Cat. Canad. Plants, 465. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 238. 



P. rnbra, Michaux, Hist. Arb. N. Amer. I. 45, t. 1 (1810). Carriere Traite 

 Conif. ed. II. 496. 



Eng. and Amer. Red Pine, Canadian Pine. Fr. Pin rouge d'Amerique. Germ. 

 Rothkiefer, Harzige Kiefer. Ital. Pino rosso di Canada. 



A useful timber tree throughout the region over which it is 

 distributed, which may be defined as a broad zone stretching across 

 the North American continent between the 41st and 48th parallels 

 of north latitude from Newfoundland to the prairie lands of 

 Minnesota, forming scattered groves rarely exceeding a few acres in 

 extent and attaining its greatest development in northern Wisconsin. 

 Many such groves of, Pinus resinosa have now been cleared or much 

 reduced by lumbermen, or by forest fires along the southern side of 

 the lakes, and its place is being taken by the comparatively worthless 

 P. Banfr&iana. The timber is very durable, the abundant secretions 

 acting like paint in preserving it from* decay : the old roots and 

 knobs of this Pine, which are of great weight and completely 

 saturated with resin, burn fiercely, give a brilliant light, and are 

 much used for torches. 



Pinus resinosa was introduced into Great Britain about the year 1756 

 by Hugh, Duke of Northumberland, but it has nowhere adapted itself 

 to the climate of this country, and few, if any, adult trees are now to 

 be seen. In the neighbourhood of the great North American lakes 

 it thrives best in a dry sandy soil, a circumstance suggestive of the 

 places in which a trial of it might be made in England. Botanically 

 the nearest European affinity of the species is P. Laricio. 



Pinus rigida. 



A tree of medium size, with a trunk 40 70 feet high and 

 2 3 feet in diameter, covered with thick blackish bark deeply fissured 

 into square or oblong plates. Branches of young trees regularly whoiied 

 and horizontal, of old trees variable in size and direction, horizontal, 

 deflexed or tortuous. Branclilets at first green, changing with age to 

 dull orange-brown. Buds ovate-conic, acute, 0*5 0*75 inch long, 

 emitting a pleasant lemon fragrance when bruised, the perulae linear- 

 lanceolate with fringed margins, chestnut-brown, often covered with a 

 film of whitish resin. Leaves ternate, on vigorous shoots sometimes 

 quaternate, persistent three four years, triquetrous, mucronate with 

 serrulate margins, 2 '5 4 inches long, rigid, spreading, grass-green, 

 occasionally glaucous ; basal sheath light brown, 0'5 inch long, shorter, 

 darker and corrugated the second year. Staminate flowers in crowded 

 spikes, cylindric, obtuse, 0*75 -1 inch long, the anther connective 

 reniform, reddish purple. Cones ovoid-conic, solitary or in clusters of 

 three fqnr, 2'5 3 inches long, and 1*25 1'75 "inch in diameter 



