PINUS THUNBERGI. 383 



In the. warm climate of tlie south-eastern States, Pinus Tceda is a 

 rapid-growing tree ; it springs up in abundance on lands exhausted by 

 cultivation whence it has obtained the name of the Old Field Pine, 

 and in a short time affords a supply of timber and wood for fuel. 

 The wood varies -11111011 in quality in the different regions in which it 

 is grown ; the proportion of sap- to heart-wood is greater than in 

 most Pines, and the latter is for the most part coarse-grained and not 

 durable. The resinous products are inferior to those of P. palustris, 

 and are not much worked commercially. 



This Pine was introduced by Bishop Conipton in 1713. Although 

 it does not refuse to grow in this country, it is of little value for 

 the British Pinetum. Several large trees are mentioned by London 

 that were growing in his time in the Royal Gardens at Kew, at Syon 

 House, Dropmore, and other places ; those in the two first-named places 

 have long since perished, more from the deleterious influence of the 

 London smoke than from any other cause. The largest trees in 

 England known to the author are at Bicton and Tortworth Court. 



Pinus Thunbergi. 



A large tree often attaining a height of 80 90 feet, and in 

 exceptional situations even 120 feet with a trunk 2 3 feet in diameter 

 covered with greyish brown deeply fissured bark and usually with a 

 broad head of stout contorted sub-pendulous branches. Branchlets 

 stoutish, in whorls of three- five with pale reddish brown bark, the 

 younger leafy shoots whitish brown. Buds ovoid-cylindric, suddenly 

 contracted to a sharp point, greyish white, '350 '7 5 inch long ; 

 perulse linear-lanceolate acuminate, fringed with relatively long silky 

 hairs. Leaves geminate, persistent about three years, rigid, straight, 

 mucronate, 2 '75 4 inches long, serrulate at the edges, dull greyish 

 green ; basal sheath whitish, 0'5 inch long, contracted and much 

 lacerated the second year. Staminate flowers densely spicate, cylindric, 

 about an inch long, yellowish and often curved ; stamens closely 

 imbricated, with short filaments dilated at the apex into an orbicular, 

 irregularly crenulated connective. Cones ovoid-conic, 2 inches long and 

 1 inch in diameter, pale reddish brown ; scales oblong, the apophysis 

 rliomboidal with a transverse keel depressed at the centre. 



Pinus Thunbergi, Paiiatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 381 (1868). Franchet et Savetier, 

 Emmi. Plant. Jap. I. 464 (1875). Eugelmann, Revision Genus Pinus, 22 (1880). 

 Masters in Journ. Linn. Soe. XVIII. 504 ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 241. 

 Mayr, Abiet. des Jap. Reiches, 69, t. 5, fig. 16. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 248. 



P. Massoniana, Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 174 (1847), not Lambert. Siebold and 

 Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. II. 24, tt 113, 114. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 487. 

 Murray, Pines and Firs of Japan, 23, with tigs. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 241. 



P. sylvestris, Thunberg, Fl. Jap. 274 (not Linnaeus). 



Eng Japanese Black Pine. Germ. Japanisclie Schwa rzkiefer. Jap. Kuro-matzu. 



Although very common throughout Japan except in the northern 

 island of Yeso, no recent botanical traveller in that country has, 

 with certainty, seen Pinus Thunbergi growing wild. That it is 

 indigenous to Japan admits of but little doubt, and it may also be 

 assumed to be a native of Corea where it was seen by Mr. James 

 H. Veitch in two or three localities apparently wild ; its geographical 

 range may thence be more extensive than was originally supposed. 



