386 PINUS TUBERCULATA. 



and from the Veitchian nursery under the name of P. Massoniana, 

 in the belief that it was the Pine of that name described and 

 figured by Lambert in the " Genus Finns/' which is a different 

 species common on and near the coast of southern China and not 

 sufficiently hardy for the British climate.* In the drier climate of 

 Great Britain P. Thuribergi grows somewhat slowly, but it is hardy 

 and sufficiently distinct from the European and American species to 

 be a useful tree for the park and landscape, and for planting near 

 the sea-coast. It commemorates one of the earliest pioneers of 

 botanical explorations in distant lands. 



CARL PETER THUNBERG (1743 1828) was the son of a clergyman at Jonkb'ping in 

 Sweden, and in early life a pupil of Linnaeus at the university of Upsal where 

 he graduated in 1770, and won the Kohrean pension for three years which enabled him 

 to visit Paris and the Dutch universities. In 1771 he obtained an appointment as 

 surgeon to one of the Dutch East India Company's vessels, in which he sailed -from 

 Amsterdam to the Dutch colonial possessions. He landed at the Cape of Good Hope 

 where he stayed two winters, making several excursions into the interior for the purpose 

 of collecting plants and other objects of natural history, whence his name became 

 associated with the Cape Flora. He then sailed for Java where, including a voyage to 

 Japan, he remained five years collecting a large number of plants previously unknown 

 to European botanists. In Japan he stayed at Jeddo (Tokio) for about two months, and 

 while there and at Nagasaki collected such materials as were within his reach, from 

 which he afterwards compiled a "Flora Japonica " published in 1784. He returned to 

 his native country in 1779, making first a short stay in England, where he became 

 acquainted with Sir Joseph Banks, Dr. Solander and other eminent botanists of that 

 period. During his absence he had been appointed Demonstrator of Botany in the 

 University of Upsal, and in 1784 he succeeded Linnreus as Professor. Besides the 

 "Flora Japonica," he compiled several other botanical works now become obsolete, 

 but among them some "Observations on the Flora of Japan " published in the second 

 volume of the "Transactions of the Linneaii Society of London" will always be 

 regarded with a kindly interest by British botanists. 



Pinus tuberculata. 



"A tree usually about 20 feet high with a trunk a foot in diameter,, 

 but occasionally 80 100 feet with a trunk 2 '5 feet in thickness,, 

 and frequently divided above the middle into two ascending main 

 stems. Branches comparatively slender, and while the tree is young 

 in regular remote whorls forming a compact or open pyramidal head 

 which, in old age, becomes a round-topped straggling head of sparse, 

 thin foliage."! Branchlets slender, orange-brown ; buds ovoid-cylindric,, 

 about half-an-inch long, with ovate-lanceolate chestnut-brown perube. 

 Leaves ternate, persistent three four years, slender, 4 6 inches long, 

 triquetral, convex on the dorsal, distinctly keeled on the ventral side, 

 greyish green : basal sheath short and much corrugated. Staminate 

 flowers in elongated spikes, cylindric, 0'5 inch long, with orange-brown 

 anthers, and surrounded at the base by six involucral bracts. Cones 

 in clusters of three five, elongate-conic, oblique at the base, rounded 

 at the apex, 4 6 inches long and 175 2 -5 inches in diameter at 

 the broadest ; scales more developed on the exposed upper side than 

 beneath, the apophysis with a transverse keel and central umbo 



* It has been extensively used for afforesting the bare hills and uplands of Hongkong., 

 t Silva of North America, XI. 107. 



