PINUS TUBERCULATA. 387 



terminating in a strong, sharp prickle ; on the under side of the cone 

 much smaller, flat, and with a small prickle in the centre. 



Pinus tuberculata, Gordon in Journ. Hort. Soc. Lond. IV. 218, with fig. ;* 

 and Pinet. ed. II. 288.- Lawson, Pinet. Brit. I. 93, t, 13 Carriere, Traite 

 Conif. ed. II. 441 (in part). Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 394 (in part). 

 Engelmann in Brewer and Watson's Bot. Califor. II. 128 Masters in Garcl. 

 Chron. XXIV. (1885), p. 786, with fig. ; and Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 241. 

 Beissner, Nadelholzk. 270. 



P. attemiata", Leminon and Sargent, Silva 1ST. Amer. XI. 107, tt. 575, 576. 



Amer. Knob-cone Pine. Germ. Hocker-Kiefer. 



Pinus tuberculata inhabits the dry southern and western slopes, 

 fully exposed to the sun, of the mountain ranges which, under various 

 names, extend from south-west Oregon, its northern limit, to the 

 San Bernardino mountains in south California. In some places it 

 forms pure forests of considerable extent ; in others it is more 

 scattered and mixed with other trees ; its vertical range is from 

 1,000 to 5,000 feet above sea-level. The wood is soft, brittle, and 

 cross-grained, and but little used. It was introduced by the 

 Horticultural Society of London, in 1847, through their collector 

 Hartweg, who was probably the discoverer of it ; seeds have since been 

 occasionally received from different parts of its habitat, but its 

 unsuitableness ' for the British climate has long been apparent, and 

 it is only in dry, sheltered localities, comparatively few in number, that 

 it can be said to have grown satisfactorily. 



Pinus tuberculata is singular among Pines in bearing cones when 

 only a few feet high, and which remain on the tree for thirty to forty 

 years, often becoming imbedded in the bark, and not opening till the 

 tree dies from local causes or is destroyed by a forest fire. P. tuberculata 

 also has the peculiarity of producing its cones on the main trunk as well 

 as on the branches, giving it a singular appearance, as they are arranged 

 around the stem in almost a circle, usually five though often seven cones 

 composing the circle. Sometimes two or three circles of these cones are 

 closely crowded together, overlapping each other as they hang down ; 

 they are very compact, and covered with a resinous coating which 

 insures them against cracking, a good provision for the preservation of 

 the seed which is never shed till the tree has been felled. In forests 

 where this Pine is abundant it has been noticed that the trees are 

 all of the same age, which can only be accounted for by the 

 simultaneous shedding of the seed. 



LAKIX. 



Salisbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. VIII. 313 (1805). Regel in Gartenfl. XX. 91 (1871). 

 Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. III. 442 (1881). Eichler in Engler and Prantl, Nat. 

 Pfl. Fain. 75. (1887). Masters in Journ. Linn. Soc. XXX. 31 (1893). 



If we regard the Larches in respect of their foliage only, they 

 form a very natural genus. The deciduous leaves of herbaceous 

 texture and of a soft pleasing green when first developed, clearly 



* Parlatore quotes Don (Trans. Linn. Soc. XVII. 442) as the author of the species. 

 Don gives a description of a cone only, which is not that of P. tuberculata but P. radiata 

 apparently somewhat abnormal. 



