406 CEDRUS. 



indicate that the tree is of northern origin. Among the finest specimens 

 in this country are those at Panjerrick, near Falmouth ; Scorrier, near 

 Truro ; Carclew, Tortworth Court and Penrhyn Castle. 



The species was named by Lindley after Kaempfer, the first European 

 naturalist who visited Japan, under the erroneous impression that it 

 was the Larch mentioned by him in the narrative of his travels, but 

 as already stated under Larix leptolepis, the tree is not known in 

 Japan, and Lindley's name is thence wrongly applied ; that of its discoverer 

 would be more appropriate, as proposed by Mayr.* 



ENGELBERT KAEMPFER (1651 1716) was a native of the principality of Lippe-Detmold 

 in Germany. After passing through several schools, he studied at the University of 

 Cracow and afterwards at Konigsburg. From Prussia he went to Sweden where he obtained 

 the secretaryship to an embassy which was then being sent to Persia. The embassy 

 arrived at Ispahan in 1684, and returned to Europe in the following year ; the information 

 which Kaempfer collected during this mission and his subsequent travels was afterwards 

 embodied in a work which he entitled " Amoenitates Exoticse," and published in 1712. 

 After his return from Persia he entered the service of the Dutch East India Company 

 as a surgeon, and served many years at Batavia in Java, where he occupied himself chiefly 

 with the natural history of the island. From Batavia he went to Japan with the 

 embassy which the Dutch East India Company sent annually to that country. He 

 resided at Nagasaki from September. 1690, to November, 1692, and during the interval 

 he visited Yeddo (Tokio) the capital, and compiled a history of Japan which was never 

 published ; but a translation made from a copy in the possession of Sir Hans Sloane 

 was published in England after his death. Kaempfer returned to Europe in 1694, and 

 shortly afterwards took the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the University of Leyden, 

 and subsequently obtained the appointment of physician to the Prince of Detmold which 

 he retained till his death. 



CEDKUS. 



London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2402 (1838). Bentham and Hooker, Gen. Plant. III. 

 439 (1881). Eichler in Engler and Prantl, Nat. Pfl. Fam. 74 (1887). Masters in Journ. 

 Linn. Soc. XXX. 30 (1893). 



The Cedars have long been recognised as being among the most 

 stately of trees for the parks and gardens of Great Britain ; f but apart 

 from their striking aspect as decorative trees, they are of the highest 

 interest on account of their botanical relationship, their remarkable 

 geographical distribution, and the historic and sacred associations of 

 the type, or longest known of them. There are three easily distinguish- 

 able forms, conventionally recognised as species but scarcely so in a 

 strictly scientific sense, respectively known as the Cedar of Lebanon, 

 the Deodar or Indian Cedar, and the African or Mount Atlas Cedar. 

 The typical form which inhabits the slopes of Mount Lebanon and 

 the Cilician Taurus, has been known as The Cedar from remote antiquity ; 

 the existence of a second Cedar forming extensive forests in the 

 north-west Himalaya was not known to science till the commencement 

 of the nineteenth century ; whilst the presence of a third on the Atlas 

 mountains of Algeria was not suspected till its discovery after the 

 occupation of the country by the French in 1831. The Lebanon 

 type was thence the only Cedar known to Linnaeus which he, in common 



* Abietrneen des Japanischen Reiches, p. 99. Kaempfer's name is commemorated by the 

 Scitamineous genus Ksempferia (Linnaeus). 



f In the New England States of North America, the Cedars do not grow satisfactorily. 

 Cedrus cdlantica and C. Libani are somewhat more successful further south, but C. Deodara 

 thrives only (for a time, perhaps) in some of the southern States and California. Garden 

 and Forest, X. 500. 



