416 CEDRUS LIBANI. 



Cedrus Libani, London, Arb. et Frat. Brit. IV. 2402, with figs. (1838). 

 Hooker fil in Nat. Hist. Rev. (1862), p. 1. Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 370. 

 Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 65. Willkomm, Forstl. Fl. ed. II. 159. Lawson, Pinet. 

 Brit. III. tt. 42, 44, 45, and figs. Boissier, Fl. orient. V. 699. Beissner, 

 Nadelholzk. 297, with figs. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV, 201. 



Pinus Ceclrns, Linnaeus, Sp. Plant. II. 1001 (1753). Lambert, Genus Pinns, I. 

 t. 38. Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 136. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 407. 



Larix Cedrus, Salisbury in Trans. Linn. Soc. VIII. 314 (1807). 



Abies Cedrus, L. C. Richard, Mem. sur les Conif. 62 (1826). 



Eng. Cedar of Lebanon. Fr. Cedre clu Liban. Germ. Libanon Ceder. Ital. II 

 Cedro del Libano. 



var. brevif olia. 



A geographical form with shorter leaves and smaller cones, discovered 

 in 1879 growing on Mount Troodas near Khrysokus in the island of 

 Cyprus, where it is found only in one secluded spot, and the trees are 

 relatively few in number. 



C. Libani brevifolia, Hooker fil in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVII. 517. Beissner, 

 Nadelholzk. 300, with fig. 



var. glauca (syn. aryentea). 



Differs from the common form only in its glaucous foliage which is 

 sometimes heightened to a silvery whiteness. The glaucescence is rarely 

 if ever observed in young trees, but it occurs in old trees both wild 

 (Mount Taurus) and cultivated. 



C. (Pinus) Libani glauca, Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 408. C. Libani 

 argentea, Kent in Veitcli's Manual, ed. I. 137. 



Varieties that have originated under cultivation have been named 

 decidua* denudata, nana, pendula, *fri<-fa, riridis, but it is uncertain 

 whether any of them are to be met with in British gardens. 

 The specific name Libani refers to the ancient mountain with which 

 the tree has been associated from remote antiquity and especially in 

 the Sacred Writings ; the Cedars on Mount Lebanon have thence 

 acquired a separate and special interest throughout the Christian 

 World. They were, for several centuries, believed to be confined to a 

 small grove in the Kedisha valley at 6,000 feet elevation, about 

 fifteen miles from the Syrian port of Beyroot (Beirut) and not far 

 from the high road to Baalbek (Heliopolis). That this valley should 

 have been for so long a time the only locality on the ancient 

 Lebanon the Cedars were known to inhabit, will not be surprising 

 whec the circumstances of time and place are considered ; it was 

 the nearest accessible spot, and there was nothing to tempt, but much 

 to deter travellers from diverging from the common route. Since 

 the era of the Keformation the Cedars of the Kedisha valley have 

 been visited from time to time by travellers from western Europe, 

 many of whom have left some account of the trees they found 



* Known only from a single tree in France observed many years ago by tlis late 

 M. Carriere. A similar instance of Cedrus atlantica growing near Chichester was recently 

 brought under the notice of the author by Captain Norman, R. N. , of Berwick-on-Tweed. 

 These deciduous forms, although abnormal states, show unmistakably the close affinity of 

 the Cedars and Larches. 



