450 PICE A RUBRA. 



blue. Between this and the green form which is quite rare, is to be 

 found every possible gradation in colour, so that varietal names founded 

 on it have but little value or significance. P. pungens is quite hardy 

 and grows somewhat slowly at first in all ordinary soils and situations. 

 Among the most noticeable deviations from the common type in habit 

 is one with pendulous branches which originated in the nursery of 

 Messrs. Koster at Boskoop, in Holland ; and one figured in the 

 " Gartenflora " for 1891, at page 70, under the name of Koniy Albert 

 von Sachsen ; a vigorous-growing, long-leaved variety that originated in 

 the nursery of Herr Weisse at Kamenz, in Germany. 



Picea rubra. 



A larger tree than Picea niyra with which it was for a long time 

 confused, usually 70 80 feet high, but sometimes exceeding 100 feet 

 high with a trunk 2 3 feet in diameter covered with bark much 

 resembling that of P. nit/ra. Branchlets stoutish with pale brown 

 bark marked with longitudinal ridges. Buds small, broadly conic with 

 reddish brown perulse. Leaves spirally crowded around the branchlets, 

 standing out on all sides, pointing forwards and more or less falcately 

 curved, obscurely four-angled with a short callous tip, 0*5 0*75 inch 

 long, at first bluish green changing to dark green. Staminate flowers 

 sub-cylindric, about O5 inch long, with red anthers. Cones ovoid-cylindric, 

 obtuse, about 2 inches long and 0'75 inch in diameter, shortly stalked, 

 chestnut-brown when mature ; scales broadly obovate-cuneate with entire 

 margin, obscurely striated on the exposed side.* 



Picea rubra, Link in Linnrea, XV. 521 (1841). Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 322. 

 Beissner, Nadelholzk. 338, with fig. 



P. nigra var. rubra, Engelmann in Gard. Chron. XI. (1879), p. 334. Macoun, Cat. 

 Canad. Plants, 362. 



P. rubens, Sargent. Silva N. Araer. XII. 33, t. 597 (1898). 



Abies rubra, London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2316, with fig. Forbes, Pinet. 

 Woburn, 101, t. 35. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 17. 



Pinus rubra, Lambert, Genus Pinus, I. t. 28 (1803) Hooker, W. Fl. Bor. Amer. 

 II. 164. Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 113. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 413. f 



Eng. and Amer. Red Spruce. Fr. Sapinette rouge. Germ. Rochfichte. 



The area over which the Eed Spruce is distributed may be stated 

 in general terms to comprise the border counties of the Canadian 

 Dominion south of the valley of the St. Lawrence and north-eastern 

 States of the American Union, whence it spreads southwards along the 

 Alleghany mountains to the high peaks of North Carolina. It is 

 the most valuable timber tree of the region over which it is spread ; 

 its wood is used for all descriptions of carpentry, and also for 

 conversion into paper pulp. 



I have followed the highest authority on American trees in retaining 

 Picea rubra distinct from P. nigra; it presents, however, one of those 

 doubtful cases in which the views of botanists must unavoidably differ 



* Fertile branchlets communicated from the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, 

 Massachusetts, U.S.A. 



t The extremely perplexing synonomy of Picea rubra and the numerous and often contra- 

 dictory literary references to it are skilfully dealt with by the author of the Silva of North 

 America, Vol. XII. loc. cit. supra. 



