PICEA SMITHIAXA. 455 



curved. Staminate flowers the largest in the genus, broadly cylindric, 

 obtuse, 1 1*25 inch long and 0'5 inch in diameter, light sulphur- 

 yellow ; connective of anther roundish, obscurely crenulate ; the involucral 

 bracts lanceolate-oblong in two three series.* Cones terminal, cylindric- 

 conic, obtuse, 4 6 inches long and 1*5 2 inches in diameter ; scales 

 broadly obovate from a cuneate base, the outer margin rounded and 

 entire. 



Picea Smithiana,f Boissier, Fl. orient. V. 699 (1884). 



P. Morinda, Link in Linnfea, XV. 522 (1841). Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. II. 340. 

 Masters in Gard. Chron. XXIV. (1885), p. 393, with fig. ; and. Journ. R. Hort. 

 Soc. XIV. 46. Hooker til, Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 653. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 373. 



Abies Smithiana, London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2317, with figs. (1838). 

 Forbes, Pinet. Wobuwi, 103, t. 36. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 19. Brandis, Forest 

 Fl. N.W. India, 525. Aitchison in Journ. Linn. Soc. XVIII. 98. 



A. Khutrow, London, Encycl. of Trees, 1032, with figs. (1842). 



A. Morinda, Nelson, Pinacea, 49 ; and Hort. 



Pinus Smithiana, Wallich, Plant, asiat, rar. III. 24, t. 246 (1832). Lambert, 

 Genus Pinus, III. t. 88. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 416. 



P. Khutrow, Royle, Illns. Him. Plants. 353, t. 84 Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 122. 



Eng. Himalayan Spruce, Indian Spruce. Germ. Indische-Fichte. Ital. Abete. 

 dell' Himalaya. Ind. vernacular, Khutrow, Morinda, and others. 



Picea Smithiana occurs throughout the temperate Himalaya from 

 Bhotan to Afghanistan, with a vertical range of from 6,000 to 

 11,000 feet elevation and occasionally higher. It inhabits chiefly 

 the western and northern slopes, in some places forming pure forests 

 of greater or less extent, in others intermixed with Ccdrus Deodara, 

 Abies Webbiana, Pinus cxcelsa and other trees. As seen throughout 

 this region, except where it grows in compact masses, the tree is 

 furnished with branches to the ground, the primaries horizontal and 

 spreading out further than those of Abies Webbiana ; their extremities 

 are very bushy with numerous leafy, tassel-like branchlets hanging 

 vertically, which give the tree a peculiarly graceful appearance ; the 

 crown is tall and conical and the foliage dense. J The wood is 

 white, soft and straight-grained, but not durable, the outer wood 

 turning red and decaying rapidly on exposure. It is used chiefly 

 for indoor carpentry and for fuel ; in the higher mountain valleys 

 the herdsmen use the bark for roofing the sheds built for protecting 

 their cattle in severe weather. 



This beautiful tree was introduced into Great Britain in 1818 by 

 Dr. Gowaii of Cupar, who had received cones from his son under the 



* See page 423. 



f The intention of Dr. Wallich, who first described and figured this tree, to dedicate it 

 to the first President of the Linnean Society is stated so precisely that his name is un- 

 hesitatingly adopted here. Unfortunately Wallich's figure is but very indifferently executed, 

 and it is also inverted, so that when Professor Link selected the vernacular name Morinda for 

 the tree in the Berlin Botanic Garden, he did so in the belief that it was not the same species 

 as that represented by Wallich's figure. "In Pineto Woburnerise arbor hrece ad Pinum 

 Smithianum (Wall) relata est ; at folia in icone Wallichiana multo latiora, majus incurva, 

 minus pungentia. Convenit vero P. Morinda nostra optinie cum Roylei icone et ea qu in 

 Pineto Woburnense exhibetnr, qnemobrem separavi." Linnrea, XV. 522. As no second 

 species of Picea occurs in the Himalayan region, Wallich's name has priority of publication. 



J Brandis, Forest Flora of North-west India, p. 526. 



