462 TSUGA BRUXONIANA. 



from north-west America has more readily adapted itself to the altered 

 conditions of soil and climate in Great Britain than T. Albert iana ; 

 it thrives in most situations and in many kinds of soils, but most 

 freely in a cool moist soil, 'or in loams with a porous subsoil ; it will 

 grow even on peat-bog but not on chalk. The annual rate of growth 

 of the leader shoot varies according to soil and situation from 15 to 

 25 inches. 



The wood is light, hard, and cross-grained but not strong ; it is 

 much used for building and rough carpentry ; the bark furnishes the 

 most valuable tanning material in the region.* 



Tsuga Brunoniana. 



A lofty tree 70 120 feet high, the trunks of the largest 69 feet 

 in diameter near the basef and covered with thick, rough bark. 

 Branches spreading; branchlets slender, brittle and pendulous; bark- 

 pale brown with shallow longitudinal furrows. Leaves narrowly linear, 

 very shortly petiolate, sub-acute, 0'5 1'25 inch long, pseudo-distichous, 

 dark green with a shallow median groove above and with two silvery 

 white stomatiferous bands beneath. Staminate flowers solitary or in pairs 

 on short lateral growths of the preceding year, cylindric, 0*25 inch 

 long, light yellow, surrounded at the base by minute involucral bracts 

 in three series (see Fig. 114, supra). Ovuliferous flowers terminal, sub- 

 globose, 0-4 inch in diameter; scales reflexed at the apex, at first 

 light bluish violet changing to dark slaty blue with age ; bracts 

 oblong, membraneous and crumpled. Cones ovoid-cylindric, about an 

 inch long, composed of twenty twenty-five orbicular-oblong, imbricated 

 scales ; striated on the dorsal, exposed side. Seeds very small with 

 an oblong whitish wing. 



Tsuga Brunoniana, Carriere, Traite Conif. ed. I. 188 (1855); and ed. II. 247 

 (1867). Hooker til in Gard. Cliron. XXVI. (1886), p. 72, with tig.; and Fl. Brit. 

 Ind. V. 654. Masters in Gard. Cliron. XXVI. (1886), p. 500, with tig. ; and 

 Journ. R. Hort. Soc. XIV. 254. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 397. 



Abies Brunoniana, Lindley in Penny Cyclop. I. 31 (1833). Gordon, Pinet. 

 ed. II. 21. 



A. dimiosa, London, Arb. et Frut. Brit. IV. 2325, with tigs. (1838). Brandis, 

 Forest Fl. N.W. India, 527. 



Pinus Brunoniana, Wallich, Plant, asiat. rar. III. 24, t. 247 (1832). Endlicher, 

 Synops. Conif. 84. 



' P. dumosa, Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. II. Vol II. t. 46 (1837). Parlatore, 

 D. C. Prodr. XVI. 429. 



Eng. Indian Hemlock Fir, Himalayan Hemlock Spruce. Fr. Tsuga <le 

 1'Himalaya. Germ.' Brown's Hemlocktanne. 



This beautiful tree was originally discovered early in the second 

 decade of the nineteenth century by Captain Webb in north- 

 east Kumaon ; for our knowledge of it as it is seen in its 

 native home we are chiefly indebted to Sir Joseph Hooker who 

 communicated the following particulars respecting it to the 



* Silva of North America, XII. 75. 



t In the list of trees of the Darjeelin region Mr. Gamble gives 60 to 80 feet as the 

 average stature of Tsuga Brunoniana, and 10 to 15 feet as the average girth at four feet 

 from the ground. 



