ABJES PINDROW. 533 



Abies Pindrow. 



A lofty tree 80 100 feet high with a trunk 45-5 f ee t in 

 diameter near the ground. In Great Britain an elegant tree of 

 moderate growth, the trunk covered with ash-brown bark, smooth or 

 slightly rugose. Branches more or less deflexed, with distichous 

 ramification. Branchlets opposite with whitish brown bark, obscurely 

 tinted by cortical outgrowths decurrent from the pulvini of the leaves. 

 Buds conic-cylindric, 0'25 0'4 inch long, with ovate, reddish brown, 

 closely imbricated perular scales. Leaves persistent five seven or more 

 years, narrowly linear, acute or bidentate at the apex, 1-25 3 -5 inches 

 long, dark lustrous green with a shallow median groove above ; much 

 paler with a shallow keel at the midrib, and with but faint traces of 

 a stomatiferous band on each side of it ; the longer ones on the 

 under side pseudo-distichous in three four ranks and inclined forwards 

 at an angle of about 45 to the shoot ; the shorter ones on the 

 upper side all pointing forwards and loosely imbricated. Staminate 

 flowers crowded on the under side of the branchlets, fusiform-cylindric, 

 0-75 inch long. Cones cylindric, obtuse, 4 5 inches long and 2 inches 

 in diameter, violet-purple changing to dark brown when mature. Scales 

 8ub-rhomboidal with a small wedge-shaped claw, the exposed margin 

 entire and slightly incurved; bracts about one-third as long as the scale. 



Abies Pindrow, Spach. Hist. Veg. Phan. XI. 423 (1842). Carriere, Traite Conif. 

 ed.' II. 299. McNab in Proceed. R. Irish Acad. II. ser. 2, 690, fig. 17. Kent in 

 Yeitch's Manual, ed. I. 110. 



A. Webbiana var. Pindrow, Brandis, Forest Flora N.W. India, 528. Hooker fil, 

 Fl. Brit. Ind. V. 625. Beissner, Nadelholzk. 481. Masters in Journ. R. Hort. 

 Soc. XIV. 196. 



Picea Pindrow, London, Arb. et Fmt. Brit. IV. 2346, with tigs. Madden in 

 Journ. Hort. Soc. Lpnd. V. 246. Gordon, Pinet. ed. II. 222. 



Finns Pindrow, Royle, Illus. Him. Plants, 354, t. 86. Lambert, Genus Pinus, ed. 

 III. p. 77, t. 44. Endlicher, Synops. Conif. 106. Parlatore, D. C. Prodr. XVI. 425. 



Abies Pindrow forms dark gloomy forests on the great spurs of 

 the Kumaon Himalaya from 7,000 to 9,000 feet elevation, spreading 

 westwards into Kashmir ; it was introduced into Great Britain in 

 1837 by Dr. Eoyle. On the Kumaon Himalaya the annual rainfall 

 exceeds 100 inches, and the mean temperature at the elevation of 

 the Pindrow forests about 10 12 C. (50 55 F.) ; where these 

 climatic conditions are most nearly approached in Great Britain 

 Abies Pindrow thrives when protected from piercing winds ; thus, 

 in the south-west of England, in parts of Wales and Scotland 

 and in Ireland are to be seen healthy trees of great beauty ; * 



* In the grounds of Mr. Victor Marshall at Monk Coniston are two remarkable specimens 

 of Abies Pindroiv over 60 feet high. At Conan House, Ross-shire, is a beautiful specimen 

 over 50 feet high, on a bank raised about 36 feet above the swampy ground near it and 

 surrounded by other trees taller than itself by which it is protected from cold winds. At 

 Kilburne Castle in Ayrshire is a vigorous specimen over 50 feet high, of which the leader 

 shoot has increased in height about 15 inches annually. Other fine trees are to be seen 

 at Cultoquhey in Perthshire; at Castle Kennedy in Wigtownshire; in Ireland at Powerscourt, 

 Charleville (probably the largest in the British Islands) and Kilmacurragh in Co. Wicklow ; 

 at Cahermoyle, Co. Limerick ; and in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin, Dublin. 

 Also at Menabilly, Cornwall ; Tortworth Court, Gloucestershire ; and Penrhyn Castle in 

 Wales. Most of the trees in this enumeration have been seen by the author, and there 

 are doubtless others which it would be useful to place on record. 



