178 THE 



length of the efferent vessel ; while very nearly the whole length 

 of "the afferent vessel, and all the gill capillaries, disappear 



completely. 



Very slight changes will now convert the branchial system 

 of the tadpole to the aortic system of the adult frog. Of the- 

 four aortic arches, the first, in the first branchial arch, becomes, 

 the carotid arch of the frog (Fig. 81, i). The portion of the- 

 dorsal aorta between the points of opening of the first and 

 second aortic arches remains an open tubular vessel for some- 

 time, and may even retain its lumen in the adult. More usually, 

 however, the cavity becomes obliterated, and the walls of the- 



FIG. 81. Diagrammatic figure of the arterial system of an adult male 

 Frog, from the right side, x 1. 



a, stomach. 6, nostril, c, small intestine, ca, carotid artery, eg, carotid gland.. 

 cm, cceliaco-mesenteric artery, en, cutaneous artery. </, large intestine, da, dorsal 

 aorta. /, fenmr. h, spleen. Via, hepatic artery, i, right lung, la, lingual artery, in, 

 testis. o, kidney, oa, occipito-vertebral artery, pa, pulmonary artery, r, pelvic 

 girdle, s, sternum, sa, subclavian artery, sc, sciatic artery, t, tongue, ta, truncus 

 arteriosus. ua, urinogenital arteries, v, ventricle. 1, carotid arch. 2, systemic arch. 

 3, pulmo-cutaneous arch. 



vessel persist merely as a pigmented band, connecting the dorsal 

 ends of the carotid and systemic arches with each other. After 

 the obliteration of this part of the aorta, the blood in the carotid 

 arch is distributed exclusively to the head. 



The second aortic arch, in the second branchial arch of the 

 tadpole, becomes the systemic arch of the frog (Fig. 81, 2). 



The third aortic arch, in the third branchial arch of the tad- 

 pole, disappears altogether. In young frogs of the first year it 

 loses its connection with the aorta, and then gradually shortens 

 up, the distal part becoming a solid cellular cord, and the 

 proximal or cardiac part retaining for a time its lumen. Before 

 the end of the first year this vessel has entirely disappeared. 



