142 



THE VERTEBRATE SKELETON. 



22 



FlG. 21. A DORSAL, B VENTRAL, AND C LATERAL VIEWS OF THE SKULL 



OF A NEWT (Molge cristata) x 2^ (after PARKER). 



The cartilage is dotted, the cartilage bones are marked with dots and 

 dashes, the membrane bones are left white. 



1. premaxilla. 



2. anterior nares. 



3. posterior nares. 



4. nasal. 



5. frontal. 



6. parietal. 



7. prefronto-lachrymal. 



8. maxilla. 



9. vomero-palatine. 



10. parasphenoid. 



11. orbitosphenoid. 



12. pterygoid. 



13. squamosal. 



14. pro-otic region of exoccipito- 



periotic. 



15. quadrate. 



16. quadrate cartilage. 



17. exoccipital region of exoc- 



cipito-periotic. 



18. articular. 



19. articular cartilage. 



20. dentary. 



21. splenial. 



22. middle narial passage. 



II. V. VII. IX. X. foramina for 

 the exit of cranial nerves. 



