THE SKELETON OF THE DOG. THE PES. 415 



first metatarsal and with the navicular. The middle cunei- 

 form (tarsale 2) (fig. 80, 13) is a still smaller bone, lying 

 external to the internal cuneiform. It articulates with the 

 second metatarsal and with the navicular. The external 

 cuneiform, (tarsale 3) (fig. 80, 14) is a larger, somewhat square 

 bone lying external to the middle cuneiform. It articulates 

 with the third metatarsal and with the navicular. The cuboid 

 (tarsalia 4 and 5) (fig. 80, 15) is a considerably larger bone 

 lying to the outer side of the foot. It articulates with the 

 fourth and fifth metatarsals and with the calcaneum. 



The pes has sometimes five digits, sometimes four, the 

 hallux being absent. Even when present the hallux (fig. 80, 

 B, I) is commonly much reduced, and may be quite vestigial, 

 and represented only by a small nodular metatarsal. 



Each of the other digits consists of a long metatarsal, 

 which in the young animal has a prominent epiphysis at its 

 distal end, and of three phalanges. The proximal and middle 

 phalanges have epiphyses at their proximal ends, while the 

 distal phalanx is without epiphyses and is claw-shaped. 



