CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XII. 



Valparaiso— Excursion to the Foot of the Andes 

 — Structure of the Land— Ascend the Bell of 

 Quillota — Shattered Masses of Greenstone — 

 Immense Valleys — Mines — State cf Miners 

 — Santiago — Hot-baths of Cauquenes — Gold- 

 mines^ — Grinding-mills — Perforated Stones 

 -Habits cf the Puma— El Turco and Tapa- 

 colo— Humming-birds 252 



CHAPTER XIII. 



Chiloe — General Aspect — Boat Excursion — 

 Native Indians— Castro — Tame Fox— Ascend 

 San Pedro — Chonos Archipelago— Peninsula 

 of Tres Montes — Granitic Range — Boat- 

 wrecked Sailors— Low's Harbour— Wild Po- 

 tato — Formation of Peat — Myopotamus, 

 Otter and Mice — Cheucau and Barking-bird 

 — Opetiorhynchus — Singular Character of Or- 

 nithology— Petrels 273 



CHAPTER XIV. 



San Carlos, Chiloe — Osorno in eruption, con- 

 temporaneously with Aconcagua and Cose- 

 guina — Ride to'Cucao — Impenetrable forests 

 — Valdivia— Indians— Earthquake — Concep- 

 cion — Great earthquake— Rocks fissured — 

 Appearance of the former towns— The sea 

 black and boiling — Direction of the vibra- 

 tions—Stones twisted round — Great Wave — 

 Permanent elevation of the land — Area of 

 volcanic phenomena — The connexion be- 

 tween the elevatory and eruptive forces — 

 Cause of earthquakes — Slow elevation of 

 Mountain-chains 291 



CHAPTER XV. 



Valparaiso — Portillo pass — Sagacity of mules — 

 >fountain torrents— Mines, how discovered 

 — Proofs of the gradual elevation of the Cor- 

 dillera—Effect of snow on rocks —Geological 

 structure of the two main ranges — Their'dis- 

 tinct origin and upheaval — Great subsidence 

 — Red snow — Winds — Pinnacles of snow — 

 Dry and clear atmosphere — Electricity — 

 Pampas— Zoology of the opposite sides of the 

 Andes — Locusts — Great bugs — Mendoza — 

 Uspallata Pass — Silicified trees buried as 

 they grew — Incas Bridge — Badness of the 

 passes exaggerated — Cumbre — Casuchas — 

 Valparaiso 313 



CHAPTER XVI. 



Coast-road to Coquimbo — Great loads carried 

 by the miners — Coquimbo — Earthquake— 

 Step-formed terraces — Absence of recent de- 

 posits—Contemporaneousness of the Tertiary 

 formations— Excursion up the valley — Roai 

 to Guasco — Deserts — Valley of Copiap6 — 

 Rain and earthquakes — Hydrophobia — The 

 Despoblado — Indian Ruins — I*robable change 

 of climate — River-bed arched by an earth- 

 quake—Cold gales of wind — Noises from a 

 hill — Iquique — Salt alluvium — Nitrate of 

 soda — Lima — Unhealthy country — Ruins of 

 Callao, overthrown oy an earthquake — Recent 

 subsidence— Elevated shells on San Lorenzo, 

 their decomposition Plain with embedded 

 •hells and fragments of pottery— Antiquity 

 of the Indian Race . . 337 



CHAPTER XVII. 



Galapagos Archipelago— The whole group vol- 

 canic — Number of craters — Leafless bushes — 

 Colony at Charles Island — James Island — 

 Salt-lake in crater— Natural History of the 

 group— Ornithology, curious finches— Rep- 

 tiles — Great tortoises, habits of — Marine li- 

 zard, feeds on sea-weed— Terrestrial lizard, 

 burrowing habits, herbivorous— Importance 

 of reptiles in the Archipelago — Fish, shells, 

 insects — Botany — American type of organi- 

 zation — Differences in the species or races on 

 different islands — Tameness of the birds- 

 Fear of man, an acquired instinct 



CHAPTER XVIII. 



Pass through the Low Archipelago— Tahiti- 

 Aspect— Vegetation on the Mountains — View 

 of Eimeo — Excursion into the Interior — Pro- 

 found Ravines — Succession of Waterfalls — 

 Number of wild useful Plants — Temperance 

 of the Inhabitants— Their moral state— Par- 

 liament convened— New Zealand — Bay of 

 Islands — Hippahs — Excursion to Waimate — 

 Missionary Establishment— English Weeds 

 now run wild — Waiomio — Funeral of a New 

 Zealand Woman — Sail for Australia. ... 402 



CHAPTER XIX. 



Sydney — Excursion to Bathurst — Aspect of the 

 Woods — Party of Natives — Gradual extinc- 

 tion of the Aborigines— Infection generated 

 by associated men in health — Blue Moun- 

 tains — View of the grand gulf-like Valleys— 

 Their origin and formation — Bathurst, gene- 

 ral civility of the lower orders- -State of So- 

 ciety — Van Diemen's Land — Hobart Town 

 — Aborigines all banished — Mounv Welling- 

 ton — King George's Sound — Cheerless aspect 

 of the Country — Bald Head, calcareous casts 

 of branches of "trees — Party of Natives — Leave 



Australia * 431 



CHAPTER XX. 



Keeling Island — Singular appearance— Scanty- 

 Flora — Transport of Seeds— Birds and Insects 

 — Ebbing and flowing Wells — Fields of 

 dead Coral — Stones transported in the roots 

 of trees — Great Crab — Stinging Corals — 

 Coral-eating Fish — Coral Formations — La- 

 goon Islands, or Atolls — Depth at which reef- 

 building Corals can live — Vast Areas inter- 

 spersed with low Coral Islands — Subsidence 

 of their foundations— Barrier Reefs— Fring 

 ing Reefs — Conversion of Fringing Reefs into 

 Barrier Reefs, and into Atolls — Evidence of 

 changes in I^evel — Breaches in Barrier Reel's 

 — Maldiva Atolls; their peculiar structure — 

 Dead and submerged Reefs — Areas of subsi • 

 denceand elevation — Distribution of Volcanos 

 — Subsidence slow, and vast in amount.. 4. V- 



CHAPTER XXI. 



Mauritius, beautiful appearance of — Great cra- 

 teriform ring of Mountains — Hindoos — St. 

 Helena— History of the changes in the vege- 

 tation — Cause of the extinction of land-shells 

 — Ascension— Variation in the imported rat* 

 — Volcanic Bombs — Beds of infusoria— Bahia 

 — Brazil — Splendour of tropical scenery— Per- 

 nambuco — Singular Reef — Slavery— Return 

 to Knglajui — Retrospect on our voyage . 4t>3 



Index. . 



