2IO INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF FUNGI 



brown and without septa. Camarops in habit is just an 

 effused Hi/poxylon, but the stroma is soft, and the sporidia 

 septate and brownish. The genus Melofjramma, as limited by 

 Saccardo, has sporidia which are continuous and brown. The 

 stroma is erumpent, and then ahnost superficial, and the numer- 

 ous perithecia are aggregated in a similar manner to Botryo- 

 sphaeria, although sometimes effused. As expanded by ourselves, 

 this genus includes as subgenera species which correspond to 

 the type in habit and general appearance, but vary in the 

 form and septation of the sporidia. It may be intimated here 

 that the genus Valsaria, as characterised by Saccardo, which 

 has coloured and uniseptate sporidia, includes three different 

 types of stroma — that of Melogramma, that of Biatrype, and 

 that of Valsa, or rather of Pseudovalsa. In our arrangement 

 we refer each of these groups, as subgenera, to the species 

 indicated above. Thus the Melogrammoid Valsariae will be 

 found under the subgenus Valsariae of Melogramma. 



The subfamily Biatrypeae differs at sight from Melogrammcae 

 in the perithecia being immersed in a stroma of a different 

 character, and consequently not superficially visible, and in the 

 substance being carbonaceous. In some cases the species are 

 broadly effused and crustaceous, and then resembling effused 

 species of Hypoxylon. In some other cases the stroma is flattened 

 and discoid, the imbedded perithecia being indicated by the 

 punctate ostiola ; whilst in a few other cases the erumpent stroma 

 is wart-like, and the convex surface marked with prominent 

 ostiola. The typical genus Biatrype has an erumpent stroma, 

 which is effused, or discoid, or wart-like. Those of the latter 

 kind, or with a wart-like stroma, but which have asci containing 

 a great number of sausage-shaped hyaline sporidia, are included 

 in the subgenus Biatrypella. The species which have similar 

 sporidia, but only eight of them in each ascus, whether the 

 stroma be verrucaeform or discoid or effused, constitute the 

 typical Biatrype. Other species, with the external characters 

 of Biatrype, but with other than sausage-shaped and hyaline 

 sporidia, will be found under the several subgenera of the one 

 genus Biatrype, which represents the sub-family Biatrypeae. 

 Practically there would be no difficulty for a student in the 

 way of discriminating species of Biatrypeae from any other sub- 



