454 THE BREWING INDUSTRY IN IRELAND. 



excise duty. Again, the Anchor Brewery was founded in 1740, and in 



1759 Mr. Arthur Guinness purchased Mr. Rainsford's brewery, and thus 



laid the foundation of the present colossal establishment of Messrs. Guinness 



and Co., whilst the Cork Porter Brewery, at present owned by Messrs. 



Beamish and Crawford, was worked in 17 15 by one Edward Allen, and 



several of the country breweries were established in the eighteenth century. 



The Royal Dublin Society took a very active part in fostering the brewing 



industry, and as early as 1744 granted premiums to brewers who used the 



largest quantity of Irish hops. In 1763 out of the ;^8,000 which was granted 



How the Royal ^Y Parliament to be spent by the Society in encou- 



Dublin Society ^^§^".§' certain trades, ;^200 was devoted to the 



hi d fh brewmg industry. In April, 1764, the Society granted 



f ^ ® premiums varying from i^20 to iJ"l2 to the first five 



Brewing Industry, persons who sold by retail the greatest quantity of 



Irish Porter in the year ending 25th March, 1764, and the winner of the 



first premium was one Stephen Malone, who sold 24 hogsheads. In October, 



1765, the Society granted to Mr. Thomas Andrews of New Row, on the 



Poddle, a premium of ^^62 6s. 6d., being at the rate of id. per gallon for 



14,958 gallons of porter brewed by him since ist June, 1764. 



In 1 77 1 a committee was appointed by the Society "to consider in what 

 manner it might be expedient to give encouragement for the establishment 

 of good public breweries in different parts of this Kingdom." 



The committee reported in March, 1772, as follows : — 



1. " That it is the opinion of this Committee that the Discouragement of 

 ■the consumption of low-priced spirituous liquors in the country is an object of 

 the utmost consequence to the health and morals of the people as well as to 

 the Police and Manufactures of this Kingdom, and, of course, highly deserving 

 of the attention of ^/le Dtihlin Society y 



2. "That it is the opinion of this Committee that the erection of new 

 Breweries of a good kind of Malt Liquor in the several Provinces of this Kingdom 

 would be the most likely means to promote this desirable end." 



3. *' That it is the opinion of this Committee that a premium of four shillings 

 in the barrel should be given upon the first 1,000 barrels of Ale of the value of 

 30 shillings per barrel (first cost to the Retailer) which shall be made and sold 

 out of any one Brewery which shall be erected after the 25th of March, 1772, 

 the Quantity and Value of said Malt Liquor to be ascertained by the certificate 

 of the Collector of the District where such Brewery shall be established." 



"The said Premium shall be given for each of the four Provinces respec- 

 tively." 



These proposals were adopted with the proviso that no brewery in the 

 city of Dublin or within twenty miles thereof should be eligible, and in 1777 

 Mr. James Higginson obtained a premium of ;^200 for having established a 

 fcrewery in Lisburn and for having brewed the required 1,000 barrels. 



In 1772 the Society entered into correspondence with Mr. Combrune* of 

 :the city of London, as to the best method of brewing good beer. In a 

 very interesting letter dated 9th July, 1772, Mr. Combrune pointed out that 

 ;the different varieties of beer were due to different combinations ; that there 



* In 1 761 Mr. Combrune had published his " Theory and Practice of Brewing," which was 

 the first work that attempted to treat of the industry on scientific principles. Although, as 

 already mentioned, the historical side of the brewing industry has been neglected, there has 

 been no lack of treatises upon the art of brewing ; indeed, as early as 1573, a treatise of this 

 nature was published in Erfurt, with the quaint title: "On the Divine Noble Gift, the 

 .Philosophical, the Mighty, Dear, and Wondrous Art to Brew Beer," 



