THE BREWING INDUSTRY IN IRELAND. 473 



A special quay extends along the Liffey opposite the entrance to the lower 

 level of the brewery. Steam barges belonging to the firm take the casks 

 from this quay and bring them down to the Channel steamers anchored at 

 the North Wall, as well as to the numerous vessels waiting at the mouth of 

 the Liffey. 



The different levels of the brewery are all united by a miniature railway 

 line with a 22 inch gauge, and 15 small engines and a number of trucks 

 bring down the casks. A spiral tunnel, similar on a small scale to that used 

 on the St. Gothard Railway, gives the means of running from the middle up 

 to the upper level. A great number of industries are carried on in the 

 brewery premises. One comes across engineers, machinists, farriers, 

 carpenters, joiners, brasiers, plumbers, painters, and other artisans, for, 

 the repairs necessary to the machinery and general plant are done by the 

 workmen employed by the brewery, and over 50,000 casks were made last 

 year. One vast building is reserved for a printing plant, and extremely 

 costly machinery has been set up to print the labels required for the firms 

 engaged in the bottling of Guinness's Extra Stout. Over a million of these 

 labels are printed each day. A post office adjoins the business offices, and 

 over 300,000 letters arrive there annually, whilst the cost of postage stamps 

 alone amounts in the year to nearly ^^4,000. 



The laboratory, that most indispensable and important adjunct to every 

 modern brewery, is on a vast scale. It is separated from the other depart- 

 ments and contains a large amount of special appliances adopted to the 

 study of important processes relating to the brewing of porter. 



The new electric installation, which serves for lighting as well as for 

 the transmission of power at present contains plant of which the total power 

 is 800 units, and greater power is being added. The dynamos are driven 

 directly by vertical steam engines of a high velocity which work on the three 

 wire system (with the middle earthed) at a continuous current of 420 volts 

 across the outers. 



The telephone and telegraph offices (situated in the main business offices) 

 comprise a central telephone office connected with over forty branch stations 

 throughout the brewery, and a pneumatic despatch system for the transmis- 

 sion of letters from one department to another is also in use. 



An interesting exhibit in the Cork Exhibition is the model of the brewery 

 which was first shown at the Paris Exhibition of 1900, and which gives a 

 very striking idea of the huge establishment at St. James's Gate. 



The Phoenix Brewery Co., Ltd., which claims to have the second largest 

 capacity of the Irish breweries, stands on the opposite 

 The side of the street to Guinness's, and has an imposing 



Phoenix Brewery, frontage, whilst the buildings stretch back 540 feet 

 towards the Liffey. This brewery was founded in 1778 

 by an English brewer named Mather, and was afterwards worked under the 

 name of Daniel O'Connell, Jun. and Co. In 1828 the concern was taken over 

 by Mr. John Brennan, father of Mr. Chas. Brennan, who at his father's death 

 became proprietor of the brewery. He considerably enlarged and im- 

 proved the concern, did a very extensive trade, both home and 

 export, and also enjoyed a large share of military trade. In order to 

 make the extensions required by the growth of the business, Mr. Brennan 

 purchased and annexed the adjoining " Manders " Brewery, which covered 

 six acres of ground. In January, 1897, the brew^ery was converted into a 



