496 THE DISTILLING INDUSTRY IN IRELAND. 



The average cost per barrel of mixed materials was thus 20s. The barrel 

 of mixed materials in the above proportions yielded 7^ gallons of spirits 

 at 25 over proof, so that the materials for one gallon at that strength cost 

 2s. Sd. The duty at the period referred to was 2s. ^%d. per gallon, and 

 the cost of manufacture was estimated by Morewood at 4<a?.. so that the 

 total cost to the distiller of a gallon of whiskey at 25 over proof was 



The nature and conditions of the Irish Distilling Industry have greatly 

 changed since the time of Morewood. The changes in the duty and in the 

 regulations enforced by the Inland Revenue authorities, as detailed below, 

 have had a marked influence upon the fortunes of distilling, and 

 the same forces that brought about the industrialisation of the brewing 

 industry have had their effect upon distilleries also. Many of the smaller 

 establishments have ceased working, emd the larger distilleries have steadily 

 increased their output, and ever increasing applications of scientific methods 

 have tended in the same direction. The amount of spirits distilled is now 

 three times as great as the amount produced a century ago, though the 

 number of distilleries at present working is less than one-third of the 

 number at work at the beginning of the nineteenth century. The greatest 

 change in the industry has been brought about by the spread of patent 

 stills and the use of Indian corn or maize, and the consequent growth of 

 the blending and rectifying trade. 



According to the returns of the Commissioners of Inland Revenue there 

 are now thirty distilleries in Ireland, but some of 

 Modern Irish these concerns are mainly blending establishments. 

 Distilleries. Consideration of space prevents mention being made 



of each distillery in Ireland in this article, but a few 

 words as to the date of foundation and situation of those concerning which 

 such particulars are readily available, may not be out of place. The best 

 known distilleries in Dublin are, perhaps, those belonging to John Jameson 

 and Son, Limited ; John Power and Son, Limited ; the Dublin Distillers 

 Company, Limited ; the Distillers' Company (Phoenix Park Distillery) ; 

 and the Dublin City Distillery Company. The two first-mentioned distil- 

 leries, viz., the Bow Street Distillery, owned by Messrs. John Jameson and 

 Son, and the John's Lane Distillery, owned by Messrs. John Power and 

 Son, date back to 1780 and 1791 respectively, and are both exclusively Pot- 

 Still establishments. The Dublin Distillers Company was formed by the 

 amalgamation of three distinct distilleries, the Thomas Street Distillery, 

 formerly owned by George Roe and Co., the Marrowbone Lane Distillery, 

 formerly owned by Wilham Jameson and Co., and the Dublin Whiskey 

 Distillery at Jones's Road. As already mentioned the first two of these 

 Distilleries were erected in the eighteenth century, whilst the Jones's Road 

 Distillery is quite modem, having been started as late as 1872. 



The distilleries in Ulster differ from those in most other parts of Ireland 

 in two respects. They are mostly of comparatively modern establishment, 

 though a few are of considerable antiquity, and the patent stills are used, 

 either in conjunction with or, to the exclusion of the pot-still, to a much 

 greater extent than in the rest of Ireland. There are four large distilleries 

 in Belfast, viz.. The Royal Irish Distillery, which was built in 1869, and is 

 owned by Messrs. Dunville and Co. ; The Irish Distillery, Limited ; the 

 Avoniel Distillery built in 1882, and McConnell's Distillery. 



Among^ other distilleries in Ulster may be mentioned the two establish- 



