in the gullies it is rather more luxuriant and one or Iwo largo 

 trees and palms occur, while the undergrowth is chiefly a c<->ar.se bracken- 

 like fern (Gleichemalinearis). The sea-shore trees are the usual 

 Calojjhyllum, overgrown with orchids, ferns (Davalia, s|>.) and two or 

 three species of Myrmecophilous plants. 



The largest tree on the island was a specimen of Ptcrocarpus 

 indic^is, and there were also several fine mango trees. 



Turning to animal life, the only mammal is a large rat, which was 

 very abundant and which, in the present days of minute dilferentiation, 

 will probably be honoured with a new specific name. Neither 

 squirrels nor tree-slu-ews occur. 



Lizards of three species — viz., a gecko, a skink ( Mahuia mnltifas- 

 ciata) and a monitor (Varanus salvator) — were common; the latter 

 feeding on the small crabs, which scurried in millions over the smooth 

 sand near the water's edge. A toad was also noticed in a small 

 swamp, though specimens were unfortunately not brought home. 



During my first visit in August, with the exception of sea and 

 shore birds, very few varieties were noted ; but during our second stay 

 in November, the island was frequented by many species on migration, 

 and as little or nothing is known of migration routes in Southern 

 Asia, I have thought it worth while to give a complete list of the 

 species observed or obtained. 



Insects were scarce ; no butterflies were seen, and only a few moths, 

 principally Cramhidae and Tineidae. Two or three dragon flies, 

 belonging to wide-spread mainland forms, were observed and several 

 species of grasshoppers including a large species of Acridiuvi. 



LIST OF BIRDS. 

 * 1. PTILINOPUS JAMBU-'ilUl PINK-IIEADED FRUIT DOVE. 



Ptilinopus jambu (Grm.); Salvad., Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xxi., p. 80 

 (1893). 



Leucotreron jambu (Gm.); Sharpe, Hand-list of Birds, i., p. 56 

 (1899). 



. A single male was seen and shot during our first visit in August, 

 but fell into the sea and could not be retrieved. 



This fruit pigeon, though formerly common in the old Malacca 

 collections, is now decidedly rare and local in most parts of the 

 Peninsula with which I am acquainted. It is found at all elevations up 

 to about 4,000 feet, but appears to frequent by preference the vicinity 

 of the coastal belt of mangroves. In such situations, I have, on one 

 or two occasions, seen it in considerable numbers, notably at the mouth 

 of the Linggi Eiver on the borders of Negri Sembilan and the terri- 

 tory of Malacca in December, 1904. 



