Javaiif^so ZiffrVln, a licib Ix-loiigini;- lo thr Fl[>friice.v with Lurr- 

 likc fruit, iiud Destnodium meyaphyllnm, a liandsome shrub witli 

 violet flowers, also a Javanese type ; these and a few other plants 

 oecurriui,' in Java and not as yet known from the Himalayas, though 

 di itinctly mountain types, certainly suggest an invasion of a flora from 

 Java. 



Crossing a tril)iitary of the Batang Padang, we come to the ridge, 

 which is the lioundary line of Pahang, and immediately the flora alters, 

 Balcnophoras are abundant, the golden balsam, Impatiem oncUJioides^, 

 the violet, Sanlcle, Di^jtornn,, Begonias, Rhododendrons, Bichroa, 

 several spei-ies of StrohihatUmx, uud other Aconfhacen; appear. A 

 strong Himalayan element prevails, which is, to a certain extent, 

 accentuated on the higher ridges, such as Gruuong Berumban, where 

 Ave meet with Pentajiterygmm, Carex, Ganltheria, etc. 



Noticeal)ly absent from this region are AnonacecV, Blpierocarpere, 

 Myristicaceiv, and the characteristic plants of our other mountain 

 ranges, Tii><f(iiiia, B.vclda, Leptosjmimwi and Matonia. These genera, 

 exi-ept Matoiiiii, are rather Australian types, and this element seems 

 to be wanting on the main chain, though abundant on the hills nearer 

 the coasts. 



On these hill ridges we find a number of plants common to the 

 Semangko Pass on the borders of Selaugor and Pahang, but absent 

 from our other mountain ranges, such are Didijmocarpus venusfy)^, 

 jf^fn-hynauflnis longlcnlyx, P^ychotria brachybotrys, Filetia Ridleyi, 

 Rhododendron Wroi/I, Labli<ia Jonifisfyla, Strobilnnthes Hcnhridtii^. 

 NepentheK ramliipiiin and Bambusa elcgan.^. But none of the Hima- 

 layan types have been met with there as yet. 



Tlie Himalayan ty[ies, of which so many were added to our flora by 

 this expedition, seem to be centred in the main range, and most of them 

 also occiu' in Java. They include the folloAving : Vlohi serpens, 

 Sanicula europea, OpJiiopogon intermedia, Castanopms argentea, Begonia 

 Roxhurghii, Deshtodlum scaJpe, Disporum, Dichroa febrifitga, Balano- 

 phora, several species: Ganltheria, Fentapderygium, Talaunia mutabiUs 

 and Tricallittra, Ijelonging to the group Twpistrew, which is Indo- 

 Chinese. The TwpistrexK' are represented in the Peninsula by two 

 species of Tupistra, Avhich, it is noteworthy, have hitherto been met 

 Avith almost exclusively on Bujang Malacca, a hill at no great distance 

 from Telnin. The genus is otherwise Himalayan and Burmese only. 

 It Avoidd takf too long and j)erhaps (till further, researches have been 

 made in the highlands of the Peninsula) Avould be premature to 

 discuss fully the relations of the Himalayan, and, one may say, the 

 Paliearctic element of the flora, and its distribution in our area. But 

 it may Ije noted that it is almost confined to the main chain of the 

 Peninsula, and Avhere species of genera belonging to it do occur in the 

 hwlands or on the out-lying hills away from the main chain, there are 

 connecting stati<ius for these plants with the main chain. Further- 

 more that this element re-appears in Java, but is remarkably absent 



