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themselves, but when addressing an aboriginal they substituted 

 Battek for the former term. As has been remarked in another 

 paper, all the jungle tribes dislike having such terms as Sakai, 

 Semang, etc., applied to them, which they know the Malays use in a 

 slighting sense, but are pleased if called by some other name to 

 which no stigma is attached. 



The rame applied by the Malays to each small division of Pangaii 

 is " puwak" ; according to Wilkinson meaning a troop, an assembly, 

 or the family in the widest sense. The Malays in using the term will 

 speak of " Pachet's puwak," or say that there is a " puwak " of 

 Pangan living on such and such a river. Probably the word is used 

 in the family sense as each party seems to be little more than a 

 family of which one or two of the elder men are in charge. There 

 appears, however, to be some slight bond between different " puwaks " 

 related by blood or language, whicli unites them into a very loosely 

 knit tribe. The Cheka Pangan call their elders by certain names 

 which they have probably partly got from the Malays, v/ho often 

 give aboriginals high sounding titles in fun, these being generally 

 used by the recipient in all seriousness. If not obtained from the 

 Malays the titles have been adopted from some Sakai or Jakun tribe, 

 most likely the latter (Batin, see below, being a Jakun title) with 

 whom they have been in contact at some fairly recent date. The 

 full list of Pangan dignitaries, according to the Kuala Cheka people, 

 runs in order as follows Batin, Rajah, Pengghulu, Pemangku. The 

 Rajah-ship is at present in abeyance, the former occupant of the 

 office, who lived in the Ulu Cheka, having died recently. The Batin 

 and the Pemangku are with the Kuala Cheka division of the tribe. 

 The writer was told that there was another " puwak " of Pangan, 

 who were appai'ently part of the same loosely organized tribe, living 

 on the Krau river with the local Sakai. Titles are said to descend 

 in the male line, i.e., to the eldest son of the deceased officer. 



HABITATIONS. 

 As has been already remarked, the Pangan of the Cheka river 

 have made some little advance in civilization owing to having partly 

 given up their roving habits. The only settlement visited was that 

 of the Ulu Cheka group. This was reached after about half an 

 hour's walk from the Malay village of Kampong Ulu Cheka, and 

 consisted of three huts standing in quite an extensive clearing. The 

 most interesting feature about these was that they wei-e not raised 

 from the ground. The houses of the Malay, the Jakun and the 

 Sakai are almost invariably pile dwellings of the usual type found 

 throughout the Indo-Chinese and Indonesian regions. 



Even Sakai and Jakun huts occupied perhaps only for a couple of 

 months are generally of this type. The Negrito inhabitants of the 

 Peninsula, who are typically a nomad people, build either beehive 

 huts of palm leaves or small wind shelters of the same materials, the 



