199 



of the instrument and are finished off in two ornamental scroll-knots. 

 At the lower point of attaclinient where the coi'd is folded backwards, 

 the strings are kept in position by a small wooden cross-piece, held 

 by a loop knot, the cross piece resting against the edge of the 

 bamboo internode. An excellent illustration of the same type 

 of instrument will be found in Messrs Annandale and Robinson's 

 Fasciculi Malayenses (^Anthropology, Part II, (a), plate xxi, c 24). 

 The only difference between this and the Pangan specimen 

 being the method of fastening the strings at the base of the 

 instrument. 



The Pangan told the writer that musical entertainments were 

 only indulged in during the fruit season, and consequently at other 

 times of year they had few musical instruments in their houses, 

 those from the previous season having been broken or thrown 

 away. 



OTHER MANUFACTURES. 



Other than the blow-pipes, quivers, bark-cloth, combs and 

 carrying baskets already mentioned the Pangan seemed to have very 

 few articles of their own manufacture. Small pandanus pouches 

 for holding sireh leaf and betel nut were in general use, and two 

 curious tocacco boxes made from the shell of the tertia or kulim 

 (Sorodocarpus horneensis) fruit were also seen. These were formed 

 by boring a round hole in the lower end of the shell at either side 

 and polishing the outside, the septum in the interior being complete. 

 An nnusual type of wooden mortar, used for pounding up food 

 stufi" , was bought in the Ulu Cheka. It was cut from a solid block 

 of wood and its body much resembled that of the mortars used by 

 the Semang of Perak. The pecularity about it was that its base 

 tapered into a spike seven cms. long. This enabled the utensil to be 

 fixed firmly in the ground when required for use. Small wooden 

 stirrers, such as the Malays call s«<?ii, were seen in the Ulu Cheka 

 and were used in cooking rice. A heavy palm-wood * club or 

 mallet, 28 cms. long, used for beating out bark-cloth was purchased 

 in the Ulu Cheka. The head of this was flattened on either side, 

 but one side, that used in making the cloth, was cross-hatched with 

 fairly deep cuts which divided up the surface into small and rather 

 irregular i-ectangular sections. Gourds for holding water were in 

 general use but presented no special features. 



AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SUPPLY. 



As noted above, the Pangan have made some little progress in 

 the arts of agriculture. The houses of the Ulu Cheka people were 

 situated in a wide jungle clearing planted with Indian corn. At the 

 time of the writer's visit they were living partly on such food as 



* Made from the wood of the hayas palm. 



