REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. 119 



The testicles are always two in number. In Monotre- 

 mata, Elephas (elephant), Hyrax (daman), many edentates, 

 and among carnivores, Lutra, (otter), Viverra, (civet), Phoca 

 (seal), and all cetaceous animals, testicles are held in abdo- 

 men most generally close to the kidneys. In other mammals 

 they are situated in the groin either concealed beneath the 

 common integument or contained within a pendulous sac 

 (scrotum), which commonly lies beneath the pubic bones, 

 but in Marsupialia is lodged in the inguinal pouch in advance 

 of the penis. Yas deferens if tortuous, markedly plicated. 

 Prostate gland commonly present; absent in Rodentia, with 

 whom Cowper's glands are more than usually developed. The 

 latter are of two pairs in Didelphis (opossum), three, in Ma- 

 cropus (kangaroo); large, and lie upon ischii in Erinaceus 

 (hedge-hog), while in Herpestis the ducts are long, and empty 

 into urethra near its extremity. Preputial glands are large 

 in Fiber zibethicus (musk rat), and Castor fiber (beaver). Ye- 

 siculse seminales absent in Marsupialia and Carnivora, and 

 Cetacea; present in man, monkey, bat, shrew, hedge-hog, 

 and elephant. Penis. Cavernous bodies, with exception of 

 Irnplacentalia, are attached to ischiatic bones, the spongy 

 bodies surrounding urethra. A bone often placed in septum 

 between cavernous bodies; present in some Quadrumana, as 

 in Gorilla, and in Carnivora, as in Ursus (bear). The cavern- 

 ous bodies in Macropus (kangaroo) enclose the spongy body, 

 the latter is also bifid at base and cleft at apex. This is 

 either acuminate, as in Ruminantia, and Phoccena (porpoise), 

 or capitate. It is provided with spine-like processes in many 

 Felidse and Cava (guinea-pig); while it is large, irregularly 

 cylindroid, with thickened base in Canis (dog). 



