MAMMALIA. 287 



10. CHEIEOPTEUA (Hand- winged) Bat. 



11. QTJADKUMANA (Four-handed) Monkey, Ape. 



12. BIMANA (Two-handed) Man. 



These twelve orders of the class " Mammalia," of the 

 division " Vertebrata," (as their names imply), have their 

 peculiarities, such as fit them to their modes of life, as, the 

 medium in which they live, the climate, the food they eat, 

 and the manner of obtaining it. They have all the five 

 special senses, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, but 

 very differently developed in respect to power. Yet, 

 as a whole, they maintain a similitude. They have all 

 internal skeletons, and each part of this skeleton exists 

 in all, but modified to suit different purposes. They 

 have all the peculiar attributes of the " Mammalia," such 

 as suckling their young, being born alive, having four 

 extremities, warm blood, respiration by lungs, and a heart 

 with two auricles and two ventricles. 



A general description of the anatomy and some of the 

 functions of Man will be given hereafter, and will apply 

 equally to all the Mammalia ; always bearing in mind that 

 the difference in structure of every animal, although making 

 it inferior to Man, does not do away with any of the 

 essential qualities, which constitute it one of the members 

 of the highest group ; for, although immensely inferior to 

 Man, yet the Mammalia are for the most part greatly 

 superior to all the classes below it, the capability of being 

 educated, being in itself a vast step beyond mere instinct, 

 wonderful though this may be, and developed to an extra- 

 ordinary degree, as in some of the insects ; yet, in these, 

 there is no possibility of improving it, while in some of the 

 Mammalia, as the Dog, Horse, Elephant, and Monkey, 

 there is an evident tendency to progressive improvement 

 when aided by the example and tuition of Man. 



1. The MARSTJPIATA include the Kangaroos and Opossums 

 (fig. 59) . They are characterised by the possession of a pouch 

 at the lower part of the abdomen, into which the young enter 

 as soon as born, for they are born in a very imperfect state, 

 and when in the pouch they adhere to the teat of the 



