19 



cation to the masses of crude facts then known, caused the 

 name Ascaris vermicularis to be generally accepted until early 

 in the last century. 



Pallas, Qoeze, Rudolphi, and others. 



LINNAEUS' knowledge of worms was, however, but slight 

 not, indeed, far in advance of that of ARISTOTLE. But 

 contemporaneously with, and soon after him arose a number of 

 zoologists, who threw themselves with scientific fervour into 

 the study of this division of the Animal Kingdom ; and, with 

 startling rapidity, the gaps in the knowledge of the subject 

 were filled up. And thus the careful and laborious work of 



PALLAS 1 , MtJLLER, FABRICIUS, BLOCK 2 , GOEZE 3 , and ZEDER 



culminated in the Systemi Entozoorum of RUDOLPHI ; which 

 marked the greatest advance that had yet been made in this 

 branch of Natural History. 



The Third Phase :- 



The third phase supplies final answers to the questions 

 which had baffled all previous enquirers. It opens with the 

 demonstration of the bi-sexual character of thf3 animal by 

 BREMSER 4 , who first described male specimens, which, owing 



1 PALLAS, P. S., Dissertatio medico, lungen unterzubringen. Goze ver- 

 inauguralis de infestis viventibus suchte es zwar, aber seine Abthei- 

 intra viventia, Lugduni Batavorum, lung beruht auf der Grosse der Spul- 

 1760. warmer" (ZEDER, D. J. G. H., 



2 BLOCH was the first who tried op. cit., p. 100) : " Though Van 

 to bring some sort of order into the Phelsum has treated at large of this 

 science of intestinal worms proper : worm, but Goeze has all the merit of 

 " Der selige D. Bloch war der erste, teaching us its internal structure." 

 welche die Eingeweidewiirmer in (BRERA, V. L., A Treatise on 

 Ordnung zu stellen suchte ; er verminous diseases. (Translation) 

 theilte sie in zwei Familien, in breite Boston (Mass.), 1817, p. 50.) 



und runde Wurmer ab. Allerdings 4 BREMSER relates the facts in 



sind die Eingeweidewiirmer ent- the following words : " . . . die 



weder breit oder rund ; aber nach Spulwurmer (Ascarides] sind durch- 



diesen Merkmalen lassen sie sich gehends nach beiden Enden ver- 



nicht abtheilen. . . ..-" (ZEDER, schmachtiget (attenuatae) und zeich- 



D. J. G. H., op. cit., p. 16.) nen sich durch drei deutliche Warzen 



3 GOEZE attempted to group oder Knotchen am Vorderende von 

 intestinal worms into several orders, alien iibrigen Rundwiirmern auf das 

 and he also first described, as far bestimmteste aus. Die Pfriemen- 

 as he could make out, the internal schwanze (Oxyurides] sind zwar 

 structure of the threadworm : nach vorne verschmachtiget, nach 

 " Die grosse Anzahl von Spul- binten aber pfriemenformig (subu- 

 wiirmern machte es allerdings noth- Jatae), wenigstens die Weibchen und 

 wendig, sie in mehreren Abthei- iiberdies gehen ihnen die drei 



