BOOK OF FRUITS. 27 



tlren with the budding-knife make a horizon- 

 tal cut across the bark, quite through to the 

 firm wood ; from the middle of this transverse 

 cut, make a slit downward, an inch or more 

 long, going also quite through to the wood. 

 This done, proceed to cut out from the scion 

 the bud, cutting nearly halfway into the wood, 

 then with the thumb nail or point of the knife 

 take out the wood, observing that the eye or 

 germ of the bud remains perfect ; if not, and 

 a little hole appears in that part, it is imper- 

 fect, or as gardeners express it, the bud has lost 

 its root and another must be prepared. Many 

 gardeners do not take out the wood, consider- 

 ing it unnecessary, but insert the bud with 

 the wood attached. With regard to the fu- 

 ture treatment, see the article on the cultiva- 

 tion of the Pear. 



APPLES. 



With regard to the transplanting, pruning, 

 &c. of Apple Trees, the directions hereafter 

 given in the article "Cultivation of the Pear," 

 will generally apply to this fruit. 



CULTIVATION OF THE PEAR. 



Pears are propagated by grafting in the 

 Spring, or budding late in Summer, either 



