30 BOOK OF FRUITS. 



Setting the stock one inch below the bud 

 or scion, will preserve it from the cold in 

 Winter and the insidious borer in Spring. In 

 order to produce fruit early, the side shoots or 

 spurs should be suffered to remain upon the 

 whole extent of the tree, as they will then 

 generally form fruit buds upon each spur. 

 These trees are admirably adapted for small 

 gardens, occupying but little space, less ex- 

 posed to high winds, affording greater security 

 to heavy fruit. One of our best new Euro- 

 pean Pears, the "Duchess of Angouleme," 

 when grown as a dw r arf produces a fine large 

 fruit, but small and greatly inferior when 

 grown upon a standard. " When pears are 

 grafted or budded on the wild species, apples 

 upon crabs, and peaches upon peaches, the scion 

 is,in regard to fertility, exactly in the same state 

 as if it had not been grafted at all ; while on 

 the other hand, a great increase of fertility is 

 the result of grafting pears upon quinces, 

 peaches upon plums, apples upon the thorn, 

 and the like. In these cases the food absorb- 

 ed from the earth by the root of the stock is 

 communicated slowly to the scion." No other 

 influence have we ever noticed exercised by 

 the scion upon the stock. 



