CONTENTS. XI 



Coalescence of Parts ....... 256 



Adnation ......... 258 



Irregularity ......... 260 



Suppression or Abortion . . . . . 263 



Abnormal States of the Receptacle . . , . 276 



SECT. V. THE FLORAL ENVELOPES .... 277 



Their Development . 277 



.^Estivation or Praefloration ...... 278 



The Calyx .285 



The Corolla 286 



SECT. VI. THE STAMENS 289 



The Filament and Anther ...... 291 



The Pollen ' . . .295 



SECT. VII. THE PISTILS . . .... . 297 



The Placenta .... . .... 300 



The Carpel or Carpidium 300 



The Compound Pistil 301 



Modes of Placentation 302 



Gynaecium of Gymnospermous Plants .... 306 



SECT. VIII. THE OVULE 309 



SECT. IX. FERTILIZATION ....... 313 



Action of the Pollen ....... 313 



Formation of the Embryo ...... 314 



CHAPTER X. OF THE FRUIT 320 



SECT. I. ITS STRUCTURE, TRANSFORMATIONS, AND DEHIS- 



CENCE 320 



SECT. II. ITS KINDS . .324 



CHAPTER XI. OF THE SEED ..... 329 



SECT. I. ITS STRUCTURE AND PARTS .... 329 



The Nucleus and Albumen 331 



The Embryo 333 



SECT. II. GERMINATION 336 



# *^ CRYPTOGAMOUS OR FLOWERLESS PLANTS .... 339 



CHAPTER XII. OF THE SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENTS 



WHICH PLANTS EXHIBIT. . . 340 



Special Directions .... 340 

 The Sleep of Plants . . . . . . .342 



