SUPPRESSION OR ABORTION. 263 



sight be supposed, but from their unequal union : the upper lip 

 being formed by the more extensive cohesion of the two upper 

 petals with each other than with the lateral ones ; which in like 

 manner unite with the lower petal to form the lower lip (Fig. 

 367). But, in some such cases, the two upper petals do not co- 

 here with each other as far as they do with the lateral ones, 

 and, being smaller in size, the corolla has the appearance of 

 wanting the upper lip, and shows a deep cleft in its place ; as in 

 Teucrium Canadense (see Ord. Labiate). The flowers of Lobelia 

 (see Ord. Lobeliacese) exhibit a striking instance of a similar kind ; 

 the two upper petals being united with the lateral (which are still 

 further combined with the lower, to form the lower lip), but wholly 

 unconnected with each other ; so that the corolla appears to be 

 split down to the base on the upper side. The ligulate or strap- 

 shaped corollas of Composite are evidently formed in the same 

 way, as if by the splitting down of a tubular corolla on one side. 

 In the bilabiate corolla of most Honeysuckles (Ord. Caprifoliac.ea?), 

 the upper lip consists of four united petals ; the lower of only one. 

 471. Suppression or Abortion, A complete flower, as already re- 

 marked (416), comprises four whorls or sets of organs; namely, 

 calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistils : when any of these are want- 

 ing, the flower is said to be incomplete. Deviations resulting from 

 the non-production of one or more of the whorls are not uncom- 

 mon, and may affect any of the floral organs. The calyx, how- 

 ever, is never wanting when the corolla is present, or rather, when 

 the floral envelopes consist of only one whorl of leaves, they are 

 called calyx, whatever be their appearance, texture, or color. For, 

 since the calyx is frequently delicate and petal-like (in botanical 

 language petaloid or colored), and the corolla sometimes greenish 

 or leaf-like, the only real difference between the two is, that the 

 calyx represents the outer, and the corolla the inner series ; and 

 even this distinction becomes more or less arbitrary when either, 

 or both, of these organs consist of more than one circle. The ap- 

 parent obliteration of the calyx in some cases is owing to the entire 

 cohesion of the tube with the ovary, and the reduction of the free 

 portion, or limb, to an obscure ring or border, either slightly 

 toothed or entire, as in Aralia (Fig. 316), Fedia (Ord. Valeriana- 

 cese), &c. In Compositse, the partially obliterated limb of the 

 calyx, when present at all, consists of scales, bristles, or a ring of 

 slender hairs (as in the Thistle), and receives the name of pappus. 



