THE FLORAL ENVELOPES. 277 



which the bases of the stamens are adnate), and then into a short- 

 er and more slender stalk for the pistil ; thus separating the four 

 circles or sets of organs, like so many whorls of verticillate leaves. 



487. The common name for this kind of stalk, as contradis- 

 tinguished from the pedicel or stalk of the flower, is the STIPE ; and 

 whatever organ or set of organs is thus elevated is said to be stipi- 

 tate. To particularize the portion of the receptacle which is thus 

 developed, the stipe is termed the Anthophore when it appears just 

 above the calyx, and elevates the petals, stamens, and pistil ; the 

 Gonophore, when it supports only the stamens and pistils ; and the 

 Gynophore, or Carpophore, when it bears the gynsecium alone. 

 The stalk which sometimes raises each pistil of the gymecium (as 

 in Coptis or the Goldthread) is called a Thecaphore. This, how- 

 ever, does not belong to the receptacle at all, but is homologous 

 with the leaf-stalk.* 



SECT. V. THE FLORAL ENVELOPES IN PARTICULAR. 



488. Although the various organs of the flower have already 

 been connectedly considered under most of their relations, there 

 yet remain some particular points in respect to each of them which 

 require to be separately noticed. It will still be most convenient 

 to treat of the calyx and corolla together, on account of their gen- 

 eral accordance in most respects. 



489. Their Development, OF Organogeny, first requires a brief notice. 

 The flower-bud is formed in the same way as the leaf-bud ; and 

 what has been stated as to the formation of the leaves of the 

 branch (274) equally applies to the leaves, or envelopes, of the 

 flower. The sepals are necessarily the earliest to appear, which 

 they do in the form of so many cellular tumors or nipples, at first 

 distinct, inasmuch as then their tips only are eliminated from the 

 axis. Each one may complete its development separately, in the 



* A few terms which relate to the combination of different kinds of flowers 

 in the same inflorescence, or their corresponding separation, may here be de- 

 fined. Thus, a head or spike of flowers is said to be homogamous when all 

 its blossoms are alike, as in Eupatorium; or heterogamous, when it includes 

 two or more kinds, as in the Sunflower and Aster. It is androgynous when 

 it consists of both staminate and pistillate flowers, as the spikes of many 

 Sedges. When the two kinds of flowers occupy different heads, whether on 

 the same or two different individuals, they are heterocephalovs. 

 24 



