288 THE FLOWER. 



Tobacco (Ord. Solanacese) ; tubular, where the form is cylindrical 

 throughout; hypocrateriform, or salver-shaped, where the limb 

 spreads at right angles with the summit of the more or less elon- 

 gated tube, as in the corolla of Primula and of Phlox (Fig. 365) ; 

 and rotate, or wheel- shaped, when a hypocrateriform corolla has a 

 very short tube, as in the Forget-me-not (Ord. Boraginacese) and 

 Bittersweet (Ord. Solanaceae). 



511. The principal irregular gamopetalous or gamophyllous 

 form that has received a separate appellation is the labiate or bi- 

 labiate, which is produced by the unequal union of the sepals or 

 petals (470), so as to form an upper and a lower part, or two lips, 

 as they are called, from an obvious resemblance to the open mouth 

 of an animal (Fig. 366). This variety is almost universally ex- 

 hibited by the corolla of Labiate, and very frequently by the calyx 

 also, as in the Sage (Ord. Labiate) : it likewise occurs in the co- 

 rolla of most Honeysuckles (Ord. Caprifoliacese), and in the calyx 

 of many papilionaceous flowers. When the upper lip is arched, 

 as in the corolla of Lamium (Fig. 366), it is sometimes called the 

 galea, or helmet. When the two lips are thus gaping and the 

 throat open, the corolla is said to be ringent. But when the mouth 

 is closed by the approximation of the two lips, and especially by 

 an elevated portion or protuberance of the lower, called the palate, 

 as in the Snapdragon (Fig. 367) and Toad-flax (Fig. 368), the 

 corolla is said to be personate, or masked. 



512. In the Snapdragon, the base of the corolla is somewhat 

 protuberant, or saccate, on the anterior side (Fig. 367) : in the 

 Toadflax (Fig. 368) the protuberance is extended into a hollow 

 spur. A projection of this kind is not uncommon, in various 

 families of plants. One petal of the Violet is thus spurred or 

 calcarate ; so is one of the outer petals in the Fumitory, and each 

 of them in Dicentra (Fig. 295). So, also, one of the sepals is 

 spurred or strongly sac-shaped in the Jewel-weed (Impatiens), the 

 Nasturtium, and the Larkspur ; and all five petals take this shape 

 in the Columbine. A monster of the Toadflax is occasionally 

 found, in which the four remaining petals, of the five which enter 

 into its composition, affect the same irregularity, and so bring back 

 the flower to a singular abnormal state of regularity. This was 

 called by Linnaeus Peloria ; a name which is now used to desig- 

 nate the same sort of monstrosity in different flowers. 



513. The petals are sometimes furnished with appendages on 



