ITS KINDS. 



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tween the fruits derived from simple and from compound pistils, or 

 between those with and without an adnate calyx, becomes too re- 

 condite and technical for ordinary use in descriptive botany. Tak- 

 ing first the SIMPLE FRUITS, namely, those that result from single 

 and separate flowers, the principal sorts may be briefly indicated 

 as follows. 



602. A Follicle is a fruit formed of a single carpel, dehiscing by 

 the ventral suture (541) ; as in the Larkspur and Columbine, and 

 the Milkweed. 



603. A Legume, or Simple Pod, is a fruit formed of a single car- 

 pel, and dehiscent by both the ventral and dorsal sutures, so as to 

 separate into two valves ; as in the Bean and Pea. The name is 

 extended to the fruit of all Leguminous plants (Ord. Leguminosse), 

 whatever be their form, and whether dehiscent or not. A legume, 

 divided into two or more one-seeded joints, and falling to pieces at 

 maturity, is called a LOMENT, or lomenlaceous legume. Some of 

 the various kinds of legume are shown in the annexed figures. 



604. A Drupe, or Stone-Fruit, is a one-celled, one or two-seeded 

 simple fruit which is not dehiscent, with the inner part of the peri- 

 carp (endocarp, or stone) hard or bony, while the outer (exocarp, or 

 sarcocarp) is fleshy or pulpy. It is the latter which in our fruits 

 so readily takes an increased development in cultivation. The 



FIG. 433. Open legume of the Pea : 'a, section of the ovary. 439. Embryo, with cotyle- 

 dons laid open. 440. Loment of Desmodium. 441. Loment of Mimosa: b, one of its dehis- 

 cent joints which has fallen away from the persisting border or frame (replum), seen in 442. 

 443. The jointed indehiscent legume of Sophora. 444. A legume of Astragalus, cut across near 

 the summit to show how it becomes partly or entirely two-celled by the introflexion of the 

 dorsal suture. 445. Similar view of a legume of Phaca, where the ventral suture is somewhat 

 introflexed. 446. A legume of Medicago lupulina, spirally coiled into a globular figure. 



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