388 



EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



monly bearing a spur or sac at the base : aestivation imbricative. 

 Stamens five, with short and broad filaments, which are usually 

 elongated beyond the (adnate introrse) anthers; two of them com- 

 monly bearing a gland or a slender appendage which is concealed 

 in the spur of the corolla : the anthers approaching each other, or 

 united in a ring or tube. Style usually turned to one side, and 

 thickened or hooded at the apex. Fruit a one-celled capsule, 

 opening by three valves, each valve bearing a parietal placentas on 

 its middle. Seeds several or numerous, anatropous, with a crusta- 

 ceous integument. Embryo straight, nearly the length of the 

 fleshy albumen. Ex. The Violet (Viola) is the type and principal 



genus of this order ; some species, like the Pansy, are cultivated 

 for the beauty of their flowers ; others for their delicate fragrance. 

 The roots of all are acrid. 



722. Ord, Droseraceffi (the Sundeiu Family). Small herbs, grow- 

 ing in swamps, usually covered with gland-bearing hairs ; with the 

 leaves alternate, or clustered at the base of a scape, tapering into a 

 petiole, rolled up from the apex to the base in vernation (circin- 

 nate) : stipules none, except a fringe of hairs or bristles at the base 

 of the petioles. Calyx of five equal sepals, persistent. Corolla 



FIG. 540. Viola sagittata. 541. One of the stamens without appendage, seen from within; 

 and one furnished with a spur-like appendage on the back. 542. A capsule which has opened 

 and separated into three valves ; the calyx still persistent. 543. A valve of the same, from 

 which the seeds have fallen. 544. A magnified seed. 545. The same divided vertically, show- 

 ing the large embryo in the midst of albumen. 



