THE MONOPETALOUS ORDERS. 



429 



regions. Several are widely cultivated for ornament. They are 

 generally bitter, and rather active or nauseous in their proper- 

 ties : but the fruit of some few is edible. 



804. Ord, Rubiaceffi (the Madder Family). Shrubs or trees, or 

 often herbs, with the entire leaves either in whorls, or opposite 

 and furnished with stipules. Calyx-tube completely, or rarely in- 

 completely, adnate to the 2 - 5-celled ovary ; the limb four- or five- 

 cleft or toothed, or occasionally obsolete. Stamens as many as 

 the lobes of the regular corolla, and alternate with them, inserted 

 on the tube. Fruit various. Seeds albuminous. This extensive 

 family divides into two suborders, to which a third may be ap- 

 pended, which differs in the free ovary, and is by most botanists 

 deemed a distinct order. 



805. Sllbord, Stellated (the true Madder Family). Herbs, with 

 the leaves in whorls ; but all except a single pair are generally 

 supposed to take the place of stipules. Ex. Galium, Rubia (the 

 Madder), &c., nearly all belonging to the colder parts of the world. 



806. Subord, Cilichonese (the Peruvian- Bark Family). Shrubs, 

 trees, or herbs ; the leaves opposite and furnished with stipules, 

 which are very various in form and appearance. Ex. Cephalan- 



FIG. 741. Branch of Lonicera (Xylosteon) oblongifolia: the two ovaries united! 742. Lo- 

 nicera (Caprifolium) pamflora. 743. A flower about the natural size. 744. Longitudinal sec- 

 tion of the ovary. 745. Longitudinal section of a magnified seed, showing the albumen and 

 minute embryo. 



