THE MONOPETALOTJS ORDERS. 



435 



under the name of Jerusalem artichokes. True artichokes are the 

 fleshy receptacle of Cynara Scolymus. The flowers of Carthamus 

 tinctorius, often called Saffron, yield a yellow dye. The Liguli- 

 florse, or Cichoracese, all have a milky juice, which is narcotic, and 

 has been employed as a substitute for opium. The bland young 

 leaves of the Garden Lettuce are a common salad. The roasted 

 roots of the Wild Succory (Cichorium Intybus) are extensively 

 used to adulterate coffee : and the roots of some species of Trago- 

 pogon (Salsify, Oyster-plant) and Scorzonera are well-known 

 esculents. 



816. Ord, LobeliaceSB (the Lobelia Family). Herbs or somewhat 

 shrubby plants, often yielding a milky juice, with alternate leaves 

 and usually showy flowers. Limb of the adnate calyx five-cleft. 

 Corolla irregularly five-lobed, usually appearing bilabiate, cleft on 

 one side nearly or quite to the base. Stamens 5, epigynous, co- 



herent into a tube. Stigma fringed. Fruit capsular, two- or three- 



FIG. 783. Campanula rotundifolia, much reduced in size. 784. Lobelia inflata, reduced in 

 size. 785. A flower enlarged. 786. The united filaments and anthers inclosing the style ; the 

 corolla and limb of the calyx cut away. 787. The stigma surrounded by a fringe. 788. Trans- 

 verse section of a capsule. 789. Section of a magnified seed, showing the embryo. 



