438 



EXOGENOUS OR DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



a loose cellular testa, not conformed to the nucleus. Mostly herbs. 

 Leaves flat and broad. Ex. Pyrola, Chimaphila, Galax. 



822. Subord, Monotropeffi (the Indian- Pipe Family). Ovary free 

 from the calyx. Petals distinct or united. Anthers opening lon- 

 gitudinally or by transverse chinks. Fruit a capsule. Seeds with 

 a loose or winged testa. Parasitic herbs, destitute of green color, 

 and with scales instead of leaves. Ex. Monotropa, the Indian 

 Pipe. In this widely diffused order the bark and foliage are gen- 

 erally astringent, often stimulant or aromatic from a volatile oil or 

 a resinous matter, and not seldom narcotic. Thus, the leaves of 

 Rhododendron, Kalmia, and all the related plants, are deleterious 

 (being stimulant narcotics), or suspicious. The honey made from 

 their flowers is sometimes poisonous. The Uva-Ursi and the Chi- 



maphila (Pipsissewa) are the chief medicinal plants of the order. 



FIG. 805. Pyrola chlorantha, reduced in size. 806. Enlarged flower. 807. Magnified sta- 

 men. 808. Pistil. 809. Cross-section of the capsule. 810. A highly magnified seed. 811. The 

 nucleus removed from the loose cellular testa, and divided, showing the very minute embryo. 



FIG. 812. Monotropa uniflora. 813. A petal. 814. Capsule, with the stamens. 815. Trans- 

 verse section of the same ; the thick and lobed placenta covered with very minute seeds. 



