478 ENDOGENOUS OR MONOCOTYLEDONOUS PLANTS. 



CONSPECTUS OF THE ORDERS. 



Group 1. Flowers on a spadix, furnished with a double perianth (calyx and 

 corolla). Ovary one- to three-celled, with a single ovule in each cell. 

 Embryo in hard albumen. Trees with unbranched columnar trunks. 



PALMJE, p. 479- 



Group 2. Flowers on a spadix ; with the perianth simple, scale-like, or 

 commonly altogether wanting. Chiefly herbs. 



Terrestrial, mostly with a spathe. Fruit baccate. ARACEJE, p. 480. 



Terrestrial. Fruit nut-like, one-seeded. TYPHACE,*, p. 481. 

 Aquatic (floating or immersed). 



Flowers from the edge of the floating frond. LEMNACE.E, p. 481. 



Flowers axillary or on a spadix. , NAIADACEJE, p. 482. 



Group 3. Flowers not spadiceous, furnished with a double perianth (calyx 

 and corolla). "Ovaries several, distinct or sometimes united, free. 

 Aquatic herbs. ALISMACE^E, p. 482. 



Group 4. Flowers with a simple or double perianth, adherent to the ovary 

 (ovary inferior), either completely or partially. Herbs. 



* Perianth regular. Ovary one-celled, with parietal placentae, or rarely three- 



to six-celled, with the placentae in the axis. 



Dioecious or polygamous; aquatic. HYDROCHARIDACE^:, p. 483. 



Flowers perfect; terrestrial. BURMANNIACE.S:, p. 483. 



* * Perianth irregular. Ovary one-celled, with parietal placentae. Stamens 



one or two, adherent to the style (gynandrous). ORCHID ACE.SE, p. 483. 



* * * Perianth irregular. Ovary three-celled. Perfect stamens usually one. 

 Fertile stamen 1, inferior. ZINGIBERACE.SE, p. 484. 

 Fertile stamen 1, superior. CANNACE.S, p. 485. 

 Fertile stamens mostly 5, the sixth abortive. MUSACE^E, p. 485. 



* * * * Perianth regular, or sometimes a little irregular. Ovary three-celled, 



many-ovuled (in Tillandsia free, in Lophiola nearly so). Stamens either 

 three or six. 

 Anthers introrse. Stamens mostly 6. 



Bulbous. AMARYLLIDACEJE, p. 486. 



Not bulbous: roots fibrous: leaves indurated or scurfy BROMELIACEJE, p. 485, 



and HffiMonoRACEJC, p. 485. 

 Anthers extrorse. Stamens 3. IRIDACE.E, p. 486. 



* * * * * Perianth regular. Ovary three-celled, with one or two ovules in 



each. Flowers dioecious. Stamens six. DIOSCOREACEJE, p. 487. 



Group 5. Flowers with a regular perianth, which is more or less petaloid 

 (the two series when present are similar), or rarely glumaceous, and free 

 from the ovary. Embryo inclosed in albumen. 



Perianth not glumaceous. 



Anthers introrse. Styles or stigmas separate. SMILACEJE, p. 487. 



