APPENDIX. 



OF THE SIGNS AND ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN BOTANICAL WRITINGS. 



LINNAEUS adopted the following signs for designating the duration of a 

 plant, namely : 

 3 An annual plant. 

 $ A biennial plant. 

 1]. A perennial herb. 

 ^ A shrub or tree. 



Among the signs recently introduced, the following have come into 

 general use : - 



O A monocarpic plant, whether annual or biennial. 



An annual plant. 



@ A biennial plant. 



1|. A perennial herb. 



J-j A plant with a woody stem. 



$ A staminate flower, or plant. 



<j> A pistillate flower, or plant. 



9 A perfect flower, or a plant bearing perfect flowers. 

 ! The exclamation point is employed as the counterpart of the note 

 of interrogation. When it follows the name of an author appended 

 to the name of a plant, it imports that an authentic specimen of the 

 plant in question, under this name, has been examined by the writer : 

 when it is appended to a locality, it signifies that the writer has 

 seen or collected specimens of the plant from that locality, &c. 

 ? The note of interrogation is similarly employed in case of doubt or 

 uncertainty ; and is affixed either to a generic or specific name, or 

 to that of an author or locality cited. 



* As used by De Candolle, indicates that a good description is found 

 at the reference to which it is appended. It is not in common use. 

 43 



