INDEX 



573 



Endosperm, 40; in Bean type of seeds, 

 58, 59*; of Buckwheat and Flax 

 type of seeds, 60, 60*; of Corn, 

 44; of Cycads, 449, 449*; in Grass 

 type of seeds, 62; in hybrid Corn, 

 51, 51*; kinds in Corn, 63, 64, 

 63*; of Oats, 45; of Shepherd's 

 Purse, 466*; of Tomato, 43*; in- 

 heritance, 548*, 549*; location 

 in seed, 58, 60, 468. 



Endosperm nucleus, 40, 38*, 39*, 40*. 



Envelopes of the flower, 11. 



Enzymes, 93, 284. 



Epidermis, as an absorptive structure, 

 145, 146*; cellular structure, 

 246*, 247*, 250*; as a protective 

 structure, 127, 127*; of leaves, 

 245; modifications for protection, 

 266, 266*. 



Epigaea, 490. 



Epigynous flowers, 15, 15*. 



Epiphytes, 163. 



Equisetales, 435-438. 



Equisetum arvense, 435, 436*, 438; 

 palustre, 435; pratense, 435. 



Erect stems, 172. 



Ergot, 369, 370, 371*. 



Ericaceae, 489. 



Essential organs of the flower, 11. 



Etiolation, 220. 



Evolution, plant, 2, 290; meaning and 

 theories, 513-5^4; experimental, 

 524-535. 



Euglena gradlis, 230, 230*. 



Euphorbiaceae, 486, 486*. 



Eusporangiates, 430. 



Excretions of roots, 161. 



Excurrent stem, 168, 168*. 



Exogenous stems, 197. 



Explosive mechanisms of seeds, 87, 

 87*. 



Exposure of leaves to light, 237. 



Factors, ecological, 501-504; in- 

 fluencing the direction of growth 

 in roots, 150, 151*; influencing 

 photosynthesis, 257-260; that 

 hinder absorption by roots, 159. 



Families, in classification, 291; Cat- 

 tail, 495; Composite, 492; Beech 

 and Oak, 476; Birch, 475; Buck- 

 wheat, 478; Buttercup, 481; Elm, 

 478; Goosefoot, 480; Gourd, 492; 

 Grass, 495; Heath, 489; Lily, 

 498; Madder, 492; Mallow, 487; 

 Maple, 487; Mustard, 482; Night- 

 shade, 491; Orchid, 494; Palm, 

 497; Parsley, 488; Pea, 484; 

 Pink, 480; Rose, 483; Spurge, 

 486; Sweet Potato, 490; Walnut, 

 474; Willow, 473. 



Farm Crops, 1, 4. 



Fascicled root system, 140, 140*. 



Fats, 277. 



Fatty oils, 279. 



Female gametophyte, of Angio- 

 sperms, 463, 464*, 465*; of 

 Cycads, 448, 449*; of Equise- 

 tum, 438, 438*; of Pines, 455, 

 455*; of Selaginella, 442, 443*. 



Fermentation, 122; Bacteria of, 345, 

 345*. 



Fern gametophyte, 431, 432*, 433*. 



Fern plants, 292; described, 425-444; 

 life cycle, 433*. 



Fertilization, 41; described, 42, 42*; 

 double, 43; effect, 50; in Algae, 

 302; in Angiosperms, 464; in 

 Cycads, 450; in Pines, 456. 



Fibrous root system, 138, 138*. 



Field Dodder, seeds, 75*. 



Filament of stamen, 41, 41*. 



Filicales, 426-435. 



Fitness for environment, 520. 



Flagellates, 329. 



Flax family, 486. 



Flower buds, 207. 



Flowers, general characteristics, 9; 

 apetalous, 13, 11*; arrangement, 

 26-32; as structures peculiar to 

 Angiosperms, 459; of Bean 

 family, 23, 23*; of Beech family, 

 476, 476*; of Birch family, 475, 

 475*; color, 10; of Buckwheat 

 family, 478*, 479*, complete, 13, 

 10*; of Composites, 24, 24*; of 



