MATERIALS FOR ARCHITECTURAL PURPOSES. 121 



ating a column, and the adjacent parts of the structure 

 which it supports or adorns. 



How many or- 276. Fivc orders are recognized in architec- 

 fe^Jturr ""^"are ^^^6 — the Doric, lonic, and Corinthian, de- 

 there? rived from the Greeks ; to these the Komans 

 added two others, known as the Tuscan and Composite. 

 What is a Pi- 277. A Pilastcr is a square column gener- 



lasterf g^jjy. ^^^ within a wall, and not standing alone. 

 What is a For- 278. A Portico is 'd contiuued range of col- 

 umns, covered at the top to shelter from the 

 weather. 

 What are Bai- 279. Balustcrs are small columns, or pillars 



ustersf q£ wood, stone, etc., used in terraces or tops 

 of buildings for ornament ; also to support a railing. When 

 continued for some distance, they form a balustrade. 

 Into what two 280. Au ordcr, in architecture, consists of 

 ^d™r''fnVrch^ ^^^ principal members — the column and the 

 tecture divided? eutabluture — each of which is divided into 

 three principal parts. 



281. The Entablature is the horizontal con- 

 tinuous portion which rests upon a row of 



columns. 



Into how many It is divided into the architrave, which is the lower part of 



parts is the En- ^j^q Entablature : the frieze, -which is the middle part ; and 

 tablature di- . '^ ' 



vided ? • the cornice, which is the upper, or projecting part. 



282. The column is divided into the base. 



Into how many i i /. i i • i 



parts is the the shaft, and the capital. 



column divided ? ,• n 



The base is the lower part, oistinct from' the shaft ; the 



shaft is the middle, or longest part of the column ; the capital is the upper, or 

 ornamental part resting on the shaft. 



The height of a column is always measured in diameters of the columa 

 Itself; taken at the base of the shaft. Thus we say the height of the Doric 

 column is six times its diameter, and the height of the Corinthian, ten diam- 

 eters. Fig. 102 represents the various parts of an order of architecture. 



What is the 283. The Fa9ade of a building is its whole 



Facade of a •Trnnf 



Building? ironr. 



Architecture ought to be considered as a useful, and not as 

 a fine art. It is degrading the fine arts to make tliem entirely subservient to 

 utihty. It is out of taste to make a statue of Apollo hold a candle, or a fine 



6 



What is the 

 Entablature ? 



