158 



WELLS'S NATURAL THILOSOPHT. 



Fia. 149. 



Bite to them, which have no openings, will remain the same. The machine, 

 therefore, will revolve in the direction of the greater pressure, that is, in a 

 direction contrary to that of the jets of water. A supply of water poured into 

 the funnei-head, keeps the cylinder full, and the pressure of the column of 

 water constant. - « 



The action of this machine may also be explained according to another 

 view : the pressure of the column of water in the upright tube, will cause the 

 water to be projected in jets from the openings at the ends of the arms in 

 opposite directions ; when the recoil, or reaction of these jets upon the ex- 

 tremities of the cross-tubes, gives a rotary motion to the whole machine upon 

 its vertical axis. 



^ ., , The Tourbine wheel derives its motion, like the Barker's 



Describe the .„ „ , . „ , ^ i c i 



constnidtion mill, from the action of the pressure of a column ol water. 



and action of j^. consists of a flxed, horizontal cyhnder, A B, Fig. 149, in 

 Wheel. the center of which the water enters from an upright tube or 



cylinder, corresponding in position 

 to the upright cyhnder of a Bark- 

 er's mill. The water descend- 

 ing in the tube diverges from the 

 center in every direction, through 

 curved water-channels, or com- 

 partments, A and B, formed in the 

 horizontal cylinder, and escapes at 

 the circumference. Around the 

 fixed horizontal cylinder, a hori- 

 zontal wheel, D, in the form of a 

 ring or circle, is fitted, with its rim 

 formed into compartments exactly 

 similar to the comijartments of the 

 fixed cylinder, with the exception 

 that their sides curve in an oppo- 

 site direction. The water issuing 

 from the guide-curves A B, strikes against the curved compartments of the 

 wheel C B, and causes it to revolve. The wheel, by attachments beneath tlio 

 fixed cylinder A B, is connected with a shaft, E, which passes up tlirough the 

 fixed and upright cylinder, and by which motion is imparted to machinery. 



The Tourbine wheel may be used to advantage with a fall 

 Sency "of of Water of any height, and will utUize more of the force of 

 Hie Tourbine the moving power than any other wheel — amounting, in som 

 wheel ? instances, as at the cotton factories at Lowell, Mass., to up- 



ward of 95 per cent, of the whole force of the water. 



Is it possible 356. It may appear strange to those unacquainted with the 



to construct a action of hydraulic engines, that so much of the power exist- 

 which will rcn- ing in the agent we use for producing motion, as running 

 dcT the whole water, should be lost, amounting in the undershot wheel to 

 pojrer ava a- ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^hole power. This is due partiaUy to the 



