GLOSSARY. 



Abscission, the natural cutting off of members by 



means of a layer of separation. 

 Absciss-layer, a layer of separation. See above. 

 Acaulescent, stemless, or apparently so. 

 Accrescent, applied to the parts connected with the 



flower, as the calyx, &c., wliich increase in size 



after flowering. 

 Acerosae, Alex. Braun's term for the ConiferaB. 

 Achene, a dry indeliiscent 1-celled 1-seeded fruit. 

 Achlamydeous, used of flowering plants which have 



no calyx or corolla. 

 Acicular, Ijristle- or needle-shaped. 

 Acotyledones, old term (De Jussieu) for non-flower- 

 ing plants. 

 Acramphibrya, Endlicher's term for Dicotyledons 



and Gjiunosperms, regarded as plants growing 



both at the apex and at the sides. 

 Acrobrya, Endlicher's term for plants growing at 



the apex only. 

 Acrocarpous, said of Mosses which produce their 



fruit (sporogonia) at the tips of their shoots. 

 Acrodromous. See vol. i. p. 633, fig. 150^. 

 Actinomorphic, applied to flowers which may be 



divided vertically into similar halves through two 



or more planes. 

 Aculei, slender, rigid prickles, growing from the 



bark, as in the Rose. 

 Adhesion, the union of parts normally separate. 

 Adnata, congenitally united or grown together. 

 Adventitious buds, buds produced out of their 



regular order. 

 iEcidium, in Uredine^, a cup-like collection of spores 



which are budded off from the base of the cup. 

 .(Estivation, the folding of the parts of a flower in 



the bud. 

 Aggregate fruit, a fruit formed by the crowding 



together of distinct carpels ; the product of a single 



gynoeceum when that gynceceum is apocarpous. 

 Aggregation, the condition of extreme activity of 



the stalk-cells of the tentacles of a Drosera-leaf, 



resulting from mechanical or chemical stimulation. 

 Akinetes, in Green Algae, are single cells of the 



thallus, whose original walls thicken, and which 



separate from the rest of the thallus; they corre- 

 spond to the chlamydospores of Fungi. 

 Alae, descriptive term applied to the two lateral 



members or wings of a pajjilionaceous corolla. 

 Albumen, any form of nutritive matter stored within 



the seed and about the embryo. 

 Albuminous, containing albumen, as in the seeds of 



grain. Palms, &c. 



Aleurone-grains.grainsof nitrogenous food-material 

 frequently stored in the reserve-tissues of seeds. 



Alga, a chlorophyll-containing member of the Thallo- 

 phyta ; one of the plants, the best known of which 

 are called Sea-weeds. 



Alliance, a group of allied families or orders. 

 Amentaceous, having amenta or catkins ; consisting 



of or resembling a catkin. 

 Amentum, a catkin. See Catkin. 

 Amceboid movements, constant changes of shape 



resembling those of the " Proteus animalcule " 



Amoeba. 

 Amphibious, said of plants such as can live either in 



the water or in the air. 



Amphibrya, Endlicher's term for the Monocoty- 

 ledons. 

 Amphicarpium, an archegoniimi when it persists, 



after fertilization, as a fruit envelope. 

 Amphigastria, in Liverworts: certain small scales or 



leaves on the ventral side of the oophyte generation, 

 Amphigonium, used sometimes by Kemer as a 



synonym for archegonium. 

 Amplexicaul, nearly surrounding or clasping the 



stem : used of the leaf base in certain cases. 

 Amylum, starch. 

 Anaphyte, an old term of the nature-philosophers 



by which the potential independence of every 



branch or shoot was indicated. 

 Anastomose, to inosculate or run into each other; 



to communicate with each other like arteries and 



veins. 

 Anatomy, the intimate structure of plants. ■' 



Anatropous, said of that form of ovule in which, 



although the nuceUus is straight, the micropyle is 



bent down to the point of attachment of the funicle, 



and in which the body of the ovule is united to the 



funicle, which latter structure is known as the 



raphe. 

 Andrcecium, the collective term for the stamens of 



a flower. 

 Androgonidia, the cells which in Volvox give rise to 



spermatozoids. 

 Androspores, name given to the particular zoospores 



which in QJdogonium give rise to miniature plants, 



termed dwarf-males, 

 Anemophilous, applied to flowers whose pollen is 



conveyed by the agency of wind; having flowers 



fertilized by wind-bome pollen. 

 Animalcule, a vague term applied to small motile 



organisms in water. 

 Anisogametes, sexual cells, which show a differen- 

 tiation into male and female. 



Annulus, (1) in Agarics: the ring which often remains 

 round the stalk (stipe), and was originally attached 

 to the edge of the pUeus ; the remains of the velum 

 partiale; (2) in the Moss-capsule: the ring of cells 

 which brings about the throwing-off of the opercu- 

 lum ; (3) in the Fern-sporangium : a conspicuous 

 row of cells running vertically, obhquely, &c.. around 

 the sporangium, by the contraction of which dehis- 

 cence takes place. 



Anophyta, Endlicher's term for the Muscine^. 



