912 



GLOSSARY. 



Anther, tlie poUiniferous part of a stamen ; the sac 



or cavity in which the pollen is contained. 

 Antheridium, a male sexual organ, usually producing 



motile spermatozoids. 

 Anthocyanin, a purple sap-pigment frequent in 



foliage and flowers, 

 Antholysis, liter.ally a " loosened " flower, i.e. a 

 flower in which the various parts have become more 

 or less foliacious, and from which inferences can be 

 draivn as to the morphological nature of the com- 

 ponent parts. 

 Anthophyta, Alex. Braun's name for the Phanero- 



gamia. 

 Anthoxanthin, the yellow pigment of flowers and 



fruits. 

 Antipodal cells, a group of three cells at the chala- 



zal end of the embryo-sac of Angiosperms. 

 Apetalae, Dicotyledons destitute of a corolla. 

 Aplanospore, a non-motile asexual reproductive cell 



of the Green Algas. 

 Apocarpous, said when the carpels of a gynceceum 



are separate. 

 Apophysis, a swelling xmder the base of the theca in 



some Mosses. 

 Apothecium, the disc-like receptacle of an Ascomy- 



cetous Fungus. 

 Arbor, a tree. 



Arbuscula, a little or dwarf tree. 



Archegonium, in the higher Cryptogams the flask- 



sliajjed female sexual organ mth neck and venter, 



tlie latter containing an egg-ceU, the former canal- 



ceUs. 



Archesporium, a cell or group of ceUa from which 



spore mother-cells are produced. 

 Archichlamydese, a large group of Dicotyledons, 

 including the old groups Polypetalae and Incom- 

 pletae. 

 Areolated, marked with little areas ; divided into 



small areas by intersecting lines. 

 Aril, an investment to a seed which arises after ferti- 

 lization. It is usually succulent. 

 Arthrospore, a form of spore produced in the Schizo- 

 mycetes by the segmentation of the tubes into cells. 

 Arundinaceous, reed-like. 

 Ascidiform, Uke a pitcher ; pitcher-shaped. 

 Ascidium, a pitcher; an appendage somewhat re- 

 sembling a pitcher. See Pitcher. 

 Ascus, a form of sporangium characteristic of certain 

 Fungi. It is generally tubular and contains eight 

 spores, the ascospores. 

 Ash, the inorganic residue which is left after a plant 



has been burned. 

 Assimilation, as used here, the building of a pl.ant- 

 substance from the nutriment of the environment. 

 Often restricted to the manufacture of carbo-hydrate 

 from carbonic acid and water. 

 Asyngamic, used of plants which are prevented from 

 intercrossing by the fact of their non-simultaneous 

 periods of flowering. Nearly related species can 

 thus inhabit the same spot without hybrids ever 

 being formed. 

 " Attire ", an archaic term, applied by Grew to the 



stamens. 

 Auricle, an ear-shaped appendage. 

 Autogamy, self-pollination, ultimately self-fertiliza- 

 tion. 

 Autonomous movements, spontaneous; originating 

 from inherent tendency. 



Auxospore, the reproductive cell of a Diatom. See 



vol. ii. p. 626. 

 Awn, a bristle - Uke appendage, especially in the 



glumes of Grasses. 

 Axis, essentially the stem. The root is also an axis. 

 Azygospore, term given to the "zygospore" when 



it is formed parthenogenetically with conjugation. 



Bacterium, one of the micro-organisms concerned in 

 putrefaction : a term rather widely applied to any 

 member of the Schizomycetes. 



Barbs, the retrorse appendages of bristles, or the 

 teeth on leaf-margins. 



Bark, the usually hard outer investment of a peren 

 nial stem (or root) which has arisen in connection 

 with a cork-cambiura ; actually it includes the 

 products of the cork-cambium and whatsoever is 

 external to it. 



Basidium, a cell from which spores or conidia are 

 produced by a process of abstriction. 



Bast, inner bark; a special tissue: soft-bast, the 

 phloem — includes sieve-tubes and other non-har- 

 dened phloem-elements ; hard-bast, the thickened 

 prosenchymatous elements or bast-fibres. 



Bastard, a term sometimes given to a hybrid. 



Bedeguar, name given to the mossy red galls on 

 the common Wild Rose. 



Berry, a fruit the whole pericarp of which is succulent. 



Bilabiate, two-Upped. 



Bizzaria, a fruit, part Orange, part Citron. See vol. 

 ii. p. 569. 



Blendling, a name given to a hybrid arising by the 

 crossing of " races ". 



Blossom, of. vol. ii. p. 71. 



Brachydodromous, used of leaf-veins. See vol. i. 

 p. 630. 



Bract, a leaf subtending a flower. 



Bract-scale, the lower member of the duplex scale 

 of the female cone of Pine, Fir, &c. 



Break back, a term \ised by gardeners to convey the 

 idea of reversion. Thus flowers break back or revert 

 to an ancestral type. 



Bud, the as yet unexpanded rudiment of a shoot ; it 

 comprehends both axial and foliar portions. 



Bulb (bulbus), a bud consisting of an abbreviated axis 

 with fleshy scale-leaves in which food-material is 

 stored. Usually subterranean. 



Bulbil, a deciduous bud, usually formed on an aerial 

 part of a plant. Occasionally used for a little bulb. 



Callus, the healing tissue which closes up the wounds 

 of pkants. The same term is given to a mucilaginous 

 substance which arises on the sieve-plates of the 

 sieve-tubes, closing them. The latter is of course 

 quite a different structure, and to distinguish it 

 from the former may be called callosc. 



Calyptra, the hood which is raised up on the sporo- 

 gonium of a Moss. It is the ruptured upper portion 

 of the archegonium. 



Calyx, the outer whorl of the peri.inth, consisting of 

 sepals. 



Cambiform cells, cells resembling cambium cells; 

 thin-walled, tapering cells found in the phloem ac- 

 companying the sieve-tubes, companion-cells, and 

 bast-fibres. 



Cambium, a layer of tissue formed between the wood 

 and the bark, and consisting partly of nascent wood, 

 partly of nascent bark. 



