INDEX. 



933 



Bignoniacere. peculiarity of climbing, i. 706. | 



— scarlet flowers in, it. 196. 



Bilberry. See Vaccinium ulvjinosum, Vac- 



cinium viyrtillus. 

 Billbergia, protective water-receptacles, ii. 



234. 

 Bindweed. See Convolvulus. 

 Bindweeds, S. Europe, silkiuess, i. 320. 

 Biological importance of ChlorophyceEe,ii. 627. 

 Biorhiza aptera, gall on oak-root, ii. 541. 

 Birch. See BetuUx. 

 Birches and Firs, struggle for existence, ii. 



514. 

 Birch-tree, bulk compared to volume of solid 



and gaseous nutritive space, i. 259. 

 Bird-lime, from Viscum album, i. 329. 

 Birds, dispersal of plants, i. 205, 4G3 ; ii. 863. 

 "Bird's eyes", cause of, ii. 35. 

 Bird's-foot Trefoil. See Lotus. 

 Bird's-nest Orchis. See Ncotda Nidus-avis. 

 Birthwort. See Aristolochia Clematitis. 

 Biscutella laevigata, ash of, i. 69. 

 Bistort. See Polygonum Bistorta. 

 Bitter Orange. See Citnis Aurantium. 

 Bitter-sweet. See Solanum Dulcamara 

 Bitter Vetch. See Orobus. 

 Bixa Orellana, flower-bud, ii. 776. 



flowers and fruit, ii. 442, 444. 



Bizzaria, hybrid orange, ii. 569. 



Black Forest, Silver Firs with Mistletoe, i. 



205. 

 Black Grouse. See Tctrao tetrix. 

 Black Pine district, Wiener Wald, Mistletoe 



on Corsican Pine, i. 205. 

 Black Poplar. See Popuhis nigra. 

 Blackwellia, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Bladder-campion. See Silene inflata. 

 "Bladder-plums", cause of, ii. 524. 

 Bladder- senna. See Colutea arbon'scens. 

 Bladders, of Sea-wracks, Trapa, i. 425. 



— of Utriculariaa, size, shape, &c., i. 121. 

 Bladderworts. See Utricularvs. 

 Blastophaga Brasiliensis and Ficus, ii. 162. 

 Blastophaga grossorum and Ficus Carica, ii. 



161. 



aud gall-flowers of Ficus Carica, ii. 540. 



fertilization of Ficus, ii. 157. 



Blechnum, fronds, ii. 12. 



— protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



— BOrus and indusium, ii. 706. 

 Blechnum Spicant, dimorphic fronds, ii. 476. 



situation of stomata, i. 293. 



"Blendlings", result of crossingof "races", 



ii. 581. 

 Blood, and mould cells, i. 507. 



— nutrient medium for bacteria, i. 162. 

 Blood-corpuscles, red, ii. 624. 

 "Blood-portent", ii. 623. 



Bloodwort. See Sanguinaria Canadensis. 

 Bloom, nature of. i. 291. 462. 

 Blossom, nature of, ii. 71. 

 Blossoming, and altitude, i. 526. 



— and geographical position, i. 565. 



— comparative table, L 566. 



— of sea, i. 389. 



— order of, i. 739. 



— twice in one year, i. 564. 



Blue, colour of spring flowers, ii. 194. 



— true colour of sea-water, i. 389. 

 Blue Moulds, ii. 677. 



Blue Mountains. Jamaica, abundance of 

 Ferns, Mosses, and Liverworts, ii. 457. 



Blueness of water, explanation, i. 389. 



Blue pigment, chlorophyll protecting, i. 392. 



Bocconia, stamen -filaments, ii. 88, 183. 



Bocconia Japonica, pollen discharge, ii. 145. 



Bock, Hieronymus (149S-1554), i. 4. 



and propagation of Ferns, it 8. 



herbal of, i. 5. 



Boehmeria, cause of white spots on leaves 

 i. 285. 



Boehmeria nivea, bast-cells, i. 725. 



Bog-bean. See Menyanthes tri/oliata. 



Bog-moss. See Sphaijnum. 



Bog-rushes. See Scfuxnus. 



Bog-whortleberry. See Vaccinium uligi- 

 nosum. 



Bolbophyllum Beccarii. nature of scent, ii. 



199. 

 Bolbophyllum minutissimum, main features 

 of, i. 299. 



tuber, surface view and section, i. 300. 



Bolbophyllum Odoardi, tubers, leaves, i. 



300. 

 Boletus edulis, PI. XIV., ii. 688. 



appearance, ii. 491. 



respiration experiments, i. 498. 



Boletus sanguineus, poisonous, i. 491. 

 Bombai, hairy seeds, ii. 855. 



— prickles, i. 433. 



Bombus luc-orum, pollination of Epipogium, 



ii. 225, 257. 

 Bonapartea, leaf-teeth and termination, i. 



438. 

 Bonds of union, chemical, i. 453, 454. 

 Bonifacius, St., i. 539. 

 Eoodlea, thallus, ii. 646. 

 Boraginacese, ii. 771. 



— autogamy in, ii. 367, 378. 



— cross-fertilization in. ii. 301, 222. 



— dichogamy in. ii. 311. 



— floral change of colour, ii. 191, 194. 



— heterostyly in, ii. 302. 398. 



— hybrids few among, ii. 585. 



— nectaries, ii. 174. 181. 



— pollen and probosces of insects, ii. 248. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97, 99. 



— pollen-sprinkling in, ii. 275. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— protogyny in, li. 310. 



— venation, i. 630. 



— why named, pointed bristles, i. 441. 

 Eorago, cotyledon bristles, i. 623. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



— protandrous, ii. 311. 



Borago officinalis, colour-contrast of flowers, 

 ii. 189. 



cotyledons, i. 621. 



flower, ii. 275. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 275. 



Borassus, geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Borassus flabelliformis. i. PL VTII. 



height, i. 712. 



Bordered pits, nature and function, i. 277. 



structure, i. 45. 



Bornet and symbiosis in lichens, ii. 692. 

 Botanists and general principles of classifica- 

 tion, ii. 607. 

 Botany, descriptive, scope of, i. 15. 



— discussion of terminology, ii. 4. 



— German fathers of, i. 4. 



— "the loveliest of sciences", i. 6. 

 Botrychium, frond, ii. 709. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 814. 

 Botrychium lanceolatum, ti. 707- 



dimorphic fronds, ii. 11. 



sporangia, ii. 12. 



Botrychium Limaria, habitat, i. 112. 

 Botrydiacese. ii. 642. 

 Botrydium, cilia of, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 642. 



— reproduction, ii. 482. 



Eotrj'dium granulatum, habitat, ii. 642. 



Botryococcus. life-cycle, ii. 636. 



Botrytis, fermentative action, i. 50S. 



Botrytis cinerea. i. 263. 



Bottle-gourd. See Lagenaria. 



Bouchea coluteoides. sticky foliage, ii. 237. 



Boundary-Une. absence of, between plants 



and animals, i. 54. 

 Bovenia, Australia, ii. 720. 

 Bovista. ii. 690. 

 Boyle's law, i. 571. 

 BrachydodromuB, venation, i. 630. 

 Brachypodium, pollination, ii. 142. 

 BrachypoiUum aylvaticum, arched leaf, J. 

 429. 



venation, i, 634. 



Bracken Fern. See Pteris aquilina. 

 Bract, applicatiim of term, i. 641. 



— colour, ii. 1S3. 187. 



— honey-protection by, ii. 238. 



— nature of, i. 737 



Bract, secretion of honey, ii. 173. 



Bractea. See Bract. 



Bracteoles, accessory in fniit-formation. ii. 



433. 

 Bract-scale, of Abies pectinata, Ac, ii. 441, 



721. 

 Bradypus tridactylus, and Trichophilus, ii. 



627. 

 Bramble. See Ruhus fruticosus. 

 Branch, curvature and light, i. 416. 



— direction and light, i. 414. 



— form and position of transpiring, i. 325. 



— long and short, i. 597, 650. 



— nature of, i. 591. 



— of Pinus Pumilio, ii. 722. 

 Branching and inflorescence, i. 749. 

 Branch -tendrils, morphology, i. 693, 694. 

 Brassica, siHquas, ii. 431. 



Brassica alba, unequal cotyledons, i. 622. 

 Brassica oleracea, epiphyllous buds, ii. 43. 



root-galls, ii. 521. 



stomata, i. 280. 



wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Brassica Rapa rapacea, root, i. 760. ■ 

 Braun, Alexander, reclassification of Mono- 

 chlamydese, ii. 616. 



system of classification, ii. 605. 



Braya alpina, autogamy, ii. 335. 



guides to honey, ii. 248. 



Bread-fruit. See A rtocarptis incisa. 

 Break back, use of term, ii. 570. 

 "Breaking", from roots, ii. 27. 

 Breathing and living, synonymous, i. 493. 

 Bristle Ferns. See Hymenophyllaccas. 

 Bristles, i. 439- 



— barbed structure, i. 440. 



— for retention of salt incnistations, i. 237. 



— of Aldrovandia leaf, i. 152. 



— of Bionjea leaf, i. 150. 



— stinging, stnicture and function, i. 441. 

 Briza maxima, seed-dispersal, ii. 854. 

 Briza media, anthocyanin in glumes, i. 522. 

 pollination, ii. 142. 



Broad-bean. See Vicia Faba. 

 Brome-grass. See Bromus. 



False. See Brachypodium. 



BromehacesB, centripetal inflorescences, L 

 738. 



— coloured bracts in. ii. 184. 



— distinctive characters, ii. 734. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 106. 



— furfuraceous appearance, i. 324. 



— geographical distribution, ii. 734. 

 ~ habitat, i. 438. 



— organic remains in cisterns of, i. 242. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 102. 



— scarlet flowers in. ii. 196. 



— tropical epiphytic, thick cuticle, i. 309. 



— water- receptacles, i. 156. 



absorptive cells, i. 231. 



BromelieEe, characteristics, ii. 734. 

 Bromine, in marine plants, i. 68. 

 Bromus, and cluster-galls, ii, 547. 

 Erongniart, ii. 603. 



Brood-bodies, and constancy of form, ii. 594. 



hybrids perpetuated by, in Roses, ii. 555. 



importance for propagation, ii. 70. 



in ovule, resemble normal embryos, ii. 



469. 



nature of. ii. 6. 



of Mosses, ii. 702. 



possible origin from ooplast, ii. 467. 



potential, ii. 46. 



Broom. See Spartium scoparium. 

 Broom-rape. See Orobancke. 

 Broussonetia papyrifera. difHcious, ii. 299. 



ejection of pollen, &c.. ii. 137- 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



stigma, ii. 251. 



twig. i. 418. 



Brown, on cell, i. 14. 



Erownea coccinca, &c., scarlet flower, ii. 196. 

 Empmansia, Borneo and Java, flowers, t 

 202. 



— geographical distribution, i. 204. 



— poUen-grain, li. 98. 102. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



