936 



INDEX. 



Carex stricta, social form, ii. 748. 

 Carex vulgaris, seedlings, i. 607. 

 Carica Papaya, enzyme, i. 465. 

 Carinthe minor, poilen-graius, ii, 97 

 Carlina, spiny leaves, i. 438. 

 Carlina acaulis, anthocyanin. i. 522. 



as hygrometer and weather-glass, 



117. 



coloured bract, ii. 183. 



opening and closing, ii. 116. 



— — pollen -grains, ii. 99. 



protection of pollen, ii. 115, 117. 



temperature within capitulum, i. 501. 



Carmichelia australis, cladodes, i. 335- 

 Camiola, flora of. i. 6. 

 Carnivorous plants, movements, i. 140. 

 number of. classification of, i. 119. 



— — spinous structures in pitfalls, i. 124. 



with scale-like leaves, i. 135. 



Carob. See Ceratonia Siliiiua. 

 Carolina Allspice. See Calycanthus. 

 Caroway. See Carum carvi. 

 Carpathians, plants of, i. 316. 

 Carpel, morphology, ii. 89. 



— of Cupressus, ii. 443. 

 Carpels, arrangement, &c., i. 642. 



— arrangement on receptacle, ii. 74. 



— foiiaceous, ii. 83. 



— persistence, ii. 719. 

 Cariwnter Bee and Spartium scoparium, 



267. 

 Carpet, type of community, ii. 8S9, 893. 

 Carpinus and gall-mites, ii. 529. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— defoliation slow, i. 361. 



— embryo-sacs, ii. 478. 



— pollen-storing and dispersion, ii. 148. 



— vernation, i. 350, 631. 

 Carpinus Betulus, ii. 759. 



and Exoascus Carpini, ii. 527. 



chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 433. 



height, i. 722. 



pocket-galls, ii. 532. 



Carpinus orientalis, seed-dispcr&al, iL 854. 

 Carpium, definition, ii. 47. 

 Carpophylla. See Carpels. 

 Carposporere, ii. 606. 

 Oarpospores. of Coleochpete, ii. C54. 

 Carrion-beetles and Dracunculus Creticus, 



&c., ii. 165. 



Carrion-flies, favourite colours and odours, 

 iL 197. 



Carrot. See Daucus CarDta. 



Carthainus,preservation of colour in Egyptian 

 graves, i. 262. 



Carthamus tinctorius, demonstration of irri- 

 gation, i. 96. 



Carthusian Pink. See Diajithus Cartkusian- 

 orum. 



Cartilage, digestion of, by Pinguicula vul- 

 garis, i. 142. 



Carum carvi, schizocarp. ii. 427, 430. 



Caruncle, nature of, ii. 425. 



Carya, mode of fertilization unknown, ii 413. 



Caryophyilacere, ii. 196. 



— aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 335, 352, 355. 



— capsules, ii. 432. 



— carnivorous in minor degree, i. 155. 



— course of pollen-tubes, ii. 410. 



— crepuscular perfume, ii. 208. 



— cross-fertilization in, ii. 307. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298, 299. 



— floral envelopes, ii. 749. 



— gall-mites and flower metamorphosis in, 



u. 548. 



— heterostyly in, U. 398. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— insects and pollen, ii. 244. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— nectaries, ii. 175. 176. 



— nocturnal flowering, ii. 154. 



— pollendei>03itioninreTolver-flower8,ii.277 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Caryophyllacese, protandrous, ii. 312. 



— protaodry and autogamy, ii. 336. 



— stigniatic surface in, ii. 281. 



— times of opening and closing, ii. 221. 

 Caryophyllinse, of Braun, ii. 605. 

 Caryopsis, nature of, ii. 429. 



— of Graminese, ii. 746. 

 Caryota, caudes, i. 714. 



— geographical distribution, ii. 740. 

 Caryota propinqua, i. 311 

 fate of specimen cultivated at Vienna, 



i. 310. 



leaf-section, t 312. 



Casein, i. 458. 



Cashew-nut. See Anacardium. ocddenlaU. 



Cassia angustifoha, pod, ii. 431. 



Cassia lenitiva, stamen, ii. 91. 



Cassiope tetragona. rolled leaves, i. 304 



Cassytha, i. 182.687; ii. 752. 



— affinities, i. 171. 



— geographical distribution, i. 171. 



— germination and mode of attack, L 176. 



— parasitism, i. 171. 



— physiological roots of seedling, i. 750. 

 Castanea, cotyledons, i. 608. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— fertilization, porogamic, ii. 413. 



— scent, ii. 200. 

 Castanea sativa, thermal constants, i. 559, 



560. 

 Castanea vulgaris, age, i. 720. 



diameter, i. 722. 



fruit protection, ii. 442, 445. 



Castanospermum, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Casuarina, chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 412, 



616. 

 Casuarina quadrivalvls, branch and cross 

 section, i. 299. 



protection of stomata from moisture, 



i. 298. 

 Casuarinese, Australian, switch-plants, i. 330, 



376. 



— chalazogamic fertilization, ii. 413. 



— chlorenchyma, and stomates, L 332. 



— little shadow from. i. 336. 

 Catalpa. opening and closing of stigma, ii. 281. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 

 Catalpa syringsefolia, thermal constants, i. 



559, 560. 

 Catananche, protection of pollen from rain, 



ii. 112. 

 Catananche coerulea, duration of blossoming, 



u. 218. 

 Catapult-fruits, ii. 840. 

 Catasetum, ii. 738. 



Catasetum tridentatum, discharge of pol- 

 linia, deUits, ii. 270. 



pollination, flower and parts, ii. 269. 



Caterpillars and Cordyceps, ii. 680. 



— as hosts, i. 168. 



— hosts of Entomophthoreae, ii. 672. 

 ~ protection against, ii. 445. 

 Cathartolinum, guides to honey, ii. 249. 

 Catingas, of Brazil, i. 356. 

 Catkin, i. 739. 



Cat's-foot. See Onaphalium dioicum. 

 Cattle, anthrax in, i. 163. 

 Cattleya. ii. 738. 



Cattleya labiata, duration of flowering, ii. 214. 

 Caucahs daucoides, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



protogjnous, ii. 311. 



Caucasus, plants of, i. 316. 

 Caudex, i. 655, 710. 



— characteristic examples, i. 712. 



— thorns and leaf-sheaths, i. 714. 

 Caulerpa, habit, species, &c., ii. 645. 



— structure and light, i. 383. 

 Caulescent Violas, cleistogaray, ii. 393. 

 Cauliflower, nature of, ii. 553. 

 Cauline buds, shoot.s, &c , ii. 28. 

 Gaulis. See Stalk. 

 Caulis herbaceus, i. 715. 

 Caulis BufTruticosus, i 715. 

 Cauloma. See Caudex. 

 Caulomes, underground, of Saprophytes, and 



food-absorption, i. 114. 



Caulotretus, hosts of Rafl5esi;.ceffi in Venez- 

 uela, i. 200. 



— undulation of stem, i. 735. 

 Cavanillesia tuberculata, Brazilian Catingas, 



i. 656. 

 Cavern Moss. See SchiMostega. 

 Cavities, grooves, &c., in leaves, for collection 



of water, i. 230. 

 Caylusea, ovary, ii. 75. 

 Cecidium, proposed application of term, ii 



528. 

 Cecidomyia, escape of larvae from galls, iL 



538. 



— gall-gnats, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia Artemisise, gall on Artemisia 



campestris, U. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Aaperulse, galls on Asperula. ii. 



545. 

 Cecidomyia cerris, on leaf of Turkey Oak, ii 



534. 

 Cecidomyia cratsegi, galls on Cratsegus. iL 

 546. 



IHDssibility of transmitting effects, ii. 554. 



Cecidomyia Ertcae, galls on Erica, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Galii, galls on Galium, ii. 545. 

 Cecidomyia genisticola, galls on Genista 



tinctoria, ii. 546. 

 Cecidomyia Loti, bud-galla on Lotus comicu- 



latus, ii. 544- 

 Cecidomyia phyteumatis, bud-galls on Phy- 



teuma orbiculare, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia rosaria, cluster-galls on Salii, ii 



546. 

 Cecidomyia scoparise, ii. 547. 

 Cecidomyia Sisymbrii, gaUs on various Cru- 



cifersB, ii. 544. 

 Cecidomyia urtica, gall on nettle-leaf, ii. 534. 

 Cecidomyia VerbascL bud-galls on Verbas- 



cum, iL 544. 

 Cecidomyia Veronicie, galls on Veronica 



chamfedrys, ii. 546. 

 Cecidoses Eremita. escape of larva, ii. 539. 



galls on Duvana, iL 534, 537. 



Cecropia peltata, myrmecophilous, ii. 233. 



Cedrela, seed appendages, ii. 424. 



Cedrela odorata, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Cedrela Toona, ii. 423. 



Cedrus, ii. 721. 



Cedrus atlantica, ii. 725. 



Cedrus Deodara. Asia Minor, ii. 725. 



freezing, L 546. 



Cedrus Libani, ii. 725. 



age and height, L 722. 



Celandine. See Chelidonium majus. 

 Celandine, Ijesser. See Ranunculus fiearia. 

 Celastrinese, aril in, ii. 425. 

 Celastrus, Brazilian, capsule-gall, ii. 539. 

 Celastrosscandens, weaving stem, L 672. 

 Cell, laticiferouB, i. 470. 



— naked, \infortunat« term, i. 26. 



— observations of Brown and Mohl (1830- 

 1840). i. 14. 



— original meaning, L 22. 



— partition-wall, i. 26. 



— shapes, i. 374; cf. PL I. 



— the, a minature chemical laboratory, i 16. 



— wall of, early views, L 23. 

 Cell-aggregates, various comparisons of , i. 27. 

 Cell-cavities, connecting passages between. 



L45. 

 Cell-chambers, i 27. 

 Cell-complexes, sorts of. i. 586, 587. 

 Cell-contents, attraction of water by, L 229. 

 Cell -division, L 573. 



details, i. 530 et seq. 



in Spirogyra, ii. 657. 



Cell-formation, free, nature of. i. 575. 

 Cell -membrane, a sieve, L 57. 



assumed stnicturc, i. 57. 



correct view of, i. 14. 



diffusion through, i. 59. 



elastic, i. 59. 



imbibition of water. L 58. 



modifications of, L 43. 



of Diatoms, L 40. 



penetrability of, i. 58. 



permeability iu absorption-oeUs, i 226. 



