INDEX. 



939 



Clack-valves, bordered pita compared to, i. 



277. 

 Cladode. i. 332. 333. 353. 



— prickly, i. 434. 



Cladonia, fruticose lichen, ii. 694. 



Cladonia coccifera, ii. 694. 



Cladonia furcata and Protococcu3, L 245. 



693. 

 CladoDia macilenta. PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladonia py.tidata, PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladonia rangiferina. PI. XV., ii. 694. 

 Cladophora, continual cell-division, i. 581. 



— life-history, ii. 651. 



— reticular, i. 586. 



— wide distribution, ii. 651. 

 CladophoracefB, characteristic features, ii. 



651. 

 Cladrastis lutea, scents ii. 201. 

 Clamp-cells, of Orchid roots, i. 220. 

 Clandestina. nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 

 Clandestina rectillora. geitonogamy, ii. 331. 

 Clarkia, visciu of pollen-grains, ii. 101. 

 Clarkia pulchella, abortive stamens, ii. 294. 

 Clary, Wild, Salvia Verbenaca, section of 



petiole, i. 22. 

 Classification and evolution of plants, ii. 607. 



— basis of. i. 6. 



— early methods, ii. 600. 



— of De Jussieu (17S9) and De Candolle (1813), 



i. 15; ii. 602. 603. 



— of galls, ii. 528. 



— of plants, basis of Linnean System, ii. 86. 



— outline of, ii. 617. 



— principles of, i. 15. 

 Clatbrocystis, habitat, ii. 621. 

 Clathrus, gleba, ii. 691. 

 Clathrus cancellatus, ii. 690. 

 Clatroptychium, i. 573. 

 Clavaria. spore-formation. U. 20. 



— stnictm-e, i. 589. 



Clavaria aurea, i. 112; ii. 21. 685, 683. 

 Clavaria ina;quaUs, ii. 6S8. 

 Clavariae, hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Clavicepg, ii. G80. 



— asci and ascospores, ii. 19, 680. 



— spore-dispersal, ii. 827. 

 Claviceps purpurea, ii. 680. 



localized attack, i. 163. 



spore-disperaal, i. 461. 



Claw, of petal, ii. 87. 

 Clay. i. 83. 



Claytonia perfoUata, antogaray, ii. 365 

 Cleavage planes and striae, i. 563. 

 Oleistogamous flowers and habitat, ii. 394. 



characteristics, ii. 392. 



Cleistogamy, nature of, ii. 39L 

 Clematis, forced shoot, i. 564. 



— liane-like, i. 670. 



— protogynous. ii. 311. 



— tendrils. L 692, 694. 



Clematis Flammula, plumed achenes, ii. 858. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis integrifoUa, autogamy, ii. 349. 



protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



Clematis recta, pocket^galls on, ii. 532. 



Clematis Vitalba. nectarless, ii. 167. 



protogj'nous, ii. 310. 



scent, ii. 200. 



Cleome ornithopodiodes, carnivorous in 

 minor degree, i. 156. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236. 



Clerodendron fistulosum, myrmecophUous, 

 ii. 233. 



Clerodendron sanguineum, colour-contrast 

 in flower, ii. 191. 



Clianthus Dampieri, Australian, leaf, diur- 

 nal positions, i. 534. 



colour-contrast in flower, ii. 190. 



Clianthus puniceus, propagation by leaf- 

 cuttings, ii. 41. 



Climate and distribution, ii. 1, 879. 



— and opening and closing of anthers, ii. 124. 



— and protection of pollen from wet, ii. 106. 



— effect on fall of leaf, i. 355. 



— in relation to hairiness, i. 319. 



— negative in origin of species, ii. 594. 



Climatic conditions and flower-production, 

 u. 474. 



great variability of, correlation of plant 



structure to, i. 284. 

 Climatology and plant development, i. 564. 

 Climbers, perennial, mechanical tissue, i. 7^3. 

 Climbing aroids, ii. 744. 

 Climbing books of Hop, i. 688. 

 Climbing Palm. See Desmoncus. 

 Climbing Palms, ii. 741. 



height, &c.,ii. 740. 



Climbing plants and lateral pressure, L 475. 



formeriy held to be parasites, i. 159. 



leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



Climbing stem, application of term, i. 671. 



characteristics, i. 700. 



Climbing stems, transitional condition, i. 70S. 

 Clinging fruits, ii. 867. 



Clinging roots, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Clinopodium vulgare, distribution of sexes, 



ii. 300. 

 Clip-mechanism, of Asclepiad poUinia, ii. 



258. 

 CUvia, u. 734. 

 Clivia nobilis, vitality of spermatoplasm, ii. 



96. 

 Clock, floral, of Linnaeus, ii. 215. 

 Closterium, PI. I., ii. 55. 



— movement, ii. 654. 



— swarming granules in, PI, I., i. 35. 

 Closterium Lunula, i. 35 ; ii. 492. 655. 

 Cloudberry. See Rubus Cham(Emorus. 

 Clover. See Tri/olium. 

 Clover-Dodder. See Cuscuta Trifolii. 

 Cloves, oil of, ii. 200. 



— origin of, ii. 782. 

 Clove-scent, ii. 201. 



Club-moss, Alpine. See Lycopodium aU 



pinum. 

 Club-mosses, description, ii. 713. 

 Club-tops. See Clavaria. 

 Clusia alba, lattice formation, i. 680. 



root-hairs and earth particles, i. 87. 



Clusia rosea, recently considered a vampire, 



L159. 

 ClusiaceEe. lattice formation, i. 678, 681. 



— roots, i. 756, 761. 



Clusius, a Belgian, first travelling botanist, 

 i. 5. 



— Historiie Plantarum, ii. 1. 



— system of classification, ii. 601. 

 Cluster-gall, ii. 542. 545. 



Clypeola Messanensis, autogamy, u. 339. 



Coat, of ovule, i. 644. 



Cobaea, pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Cobaea scandens, autogamy, ii, 384. 



cross-fertilization, ii, 304. 



flower, ii. 240. 



flower and autogamy, ii. 385. 



poUen-grains, ii. 98, 100, 102, 127. 



tendril, i. 697. 



Cobalt, in dust, i. 81. 



Cocain, i. 462. 



Coccocarpia molybdaea, ii. 693. 



structure, i. 245. 



Coccoloba platyclada. Solomon Islands, i. 334. 



Cocconema Cistula. ii. 626. 



Cochlearia Armoracia. heterogamy advan- 

 tageous, ii. 578, 



Cochlearia fenestralis, Siberia, cold resist- 

 ance, i, 543. 



Cochlearia Greenlandica, autogamy, ii. 339. 



Cochlearia officinalis, cold resistance, i. 543. 



Cock's-foot Grass. See Bactylis. 



Cock's-tail Alga. See Spirophyton. 



Cocoa-nut, Double, ii. 740. 



Cocoa-nut Palm. See Cocos nnci/era. 



C'ocos nucifera, dimensions, i. 712; ii. 451. 



Codiaceje, characteristics of thallus in, ii. 645. 



Codium, colonies, i. 585. 



Codium tomentosxun. British, iL 646. 



Ccelanthe, autogamy in, ii. 372. 



Ccelebogyne ilicifolia, parthenogenesis, ii. 466. 



Coelenterates and Pleurococcacese, ii. 637. 



Cceloblasteae, ii. 606. 



Coeloglossum and Orchis, hybridization, ii. 

 583. 



Coelogyne plantaginea. ovarian hairs, ii. 81. 



ovary. "■ 83. 



Coenobe, of Volvoi, ii. 635, 



Coffea, embryo, cotyledons, i. COO. 



Cohesion, i. 58. 



Cohn, classification of Thallophytes, ii. 606. 



Cohort, of Eraun, ii. 605. 



— subdivision of class, ii. 617. 

 Colchicaceae, characteristics, ii. 730. 

 Colchicum, autogamy, ii. 372. 



— extrorse anthers, ii. 95. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— protection of pollen from rain, ii. 112. 



— protogynous, ii. 311. 



— styles, i. 645. 

 Colchicum antumnale, ii. 729. 



autogamy and heteroBtylism. ii. 374. 



depth of corms, i. 552. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



odourless, i. 431. 



opening of flowers and gro\vtb. ii. 220. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



starch, i. 459. 



Cold, effect on various plants, i. 543. 

 Coleochaete, cilia of, i. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 653. 



— relationship to Floridese, ii, 654. 

 ColeochEcteEe, ii. 606. 



— as Lichen-algie, ii. 693. 

 Coleosporium senecionis, hetercecism, ii. 686. 

 Coleus. and cold, i. 545. 



Collective and aggregate fruits, ii. 437- 

 Collective fruit, ii. 436. 438. 

 Collema, distribution of alga in, ii. 694. 

 Collema pulposum, ii. 694. 



a gelatinous Lichen, surface view and 



section, i. 244- 

 CoUemaceje, nutrition, i. 81. 

 CoUenchyma, in perennial twining stems, L 

 733. 



— nature and properties, i. 231, 726. 

 Colletia, leaves and phylloclades, i. 334, 335. 



434. 

 Collinsonia Canadensis, autogamy, ii. 350. 

 Collomia, seed-cement, i. 615. 



— seed-dispersal, ii. 838. 



Colocasia, arrangement of fohage-leaves, i. 



93. 

 Colocasia antiquoruni, inflorescence, &c., ii. 



742. 

 Colonies of plants, isolated, examples, i. 528. 

 Colony, application of term, i. 5&j 

 Colour and elevation, ii. 511. 



— of hybrids, ii. 566, 



— of water, i. 388. 



Colour-contrast in flowers, ii. 184, 189, 190, 



191, 193. 

 Coloured fruits and seeds, ii. 865. 

 Columella, in Anthocerotacea;, iL 698. 



— of Moss-capsule, ii. 702. 



— of Splachnxun, ii. 703. 



Column, marble, near Castle of Ambras, 



Lichens on. i. 247. 

 Colunm of Epipogium aphyllum, ii. 226. 



— of Orchid as insect platform, ii. 225. 



— of Orchid ovary, ii. 253. 



— of Phaleenopsis Schilleriana, ii. 227. 

 Columnifene, of Braun, ii. 605. 



Colutea arborescens, isolated colonies, i. 



528. 

 Comarum palustre, colour of sepals, ii. 183. 



creeping stem, i. 662. 



Combined girders, of stems, i. 728. 

 Comfrey. See Symphytum. 

 Comma-bacillus, of cholera, i. 163. 

 Commelyna ccelestis, autogamy, ii. 357- 

 Commelynaceffl, calcium oxalate crj'stak, i, 



570. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 

 Compass plants, i. 337. 



Complexity and higher development, ii. 598. 

 Composite, ii. 599, 765. 



— absorbent leaf-teeth, i. 238. 



— sestivation in, ii. 210. 



— as insect shelters, ii. 163. 



— autogamy in, ii. 359, 363, 372. 



