INDEX. 



947 



Eiiphorbiacesa. phyllocladous, i. 334. 



— spines, i. 446. 



— staminal filaments, ii. 88. 



— stiuging hairs, i. 441. 



Euphrasia, abundance in mountainous dis- 

 tricts, i. 178. 



— geographical distributioo, i. 176. 



— injury to pastures, i. 179. 



— parasitic, i. 176, 243. 



— protection of poUea from wet. ii 110. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Euphrasia minima, autogamy, ii. 253, 351. 



Euphrasia officinalis, sheltering of pollen, ii. 

 109. 



Euphrasia Ro3tkoviana,&c., corolla and auto- 

 gamy, ii. 366. 



Euriops, pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



European lianes, i. 670. 



Eurotium, i. 263, 677. 



— fermentative action, i. 508. 



— mycelium and reproductive organs, ii. 679. 

 Euryangium Sumbul, geographical distribu- 

 tion, flowering, i, 745. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 730. 



musk-scented leaves, ii. 199. 



Evaporation, in plants, general considera- 

 tions, i. 226. 



£vax, hairiness, 1. 317. 



Evergreen leaves, preparation for resting 

 period, i. 485. 



Evergreens, cuticle usually thick, i, 310, 



Evolution, discussion on, ii. 609. 



— of plants and classification, ii. 607. 

 Ex-albuminous, applied to seed, ii. 421. 

 Excoriation of capitate cells during imbibi- 

 tion of water, i. 229. 



Excretion, by discoid glands, of Alpine Rose, 

 i. 232. 



— from water-absorbing apparatus of Aspen, 



i. 238. 

 Excretions, viscous, of cai-yophyllaceous 



plants, i. 461. 

 Exidia. appearance, i. 112. 

 Existence, struggle for, ii. 600. 

 Exoascacese. description, ii. 676. 

 Exoascus Alni-incauie, galls, ii. 523. 

 Exoascus amentorum. See E. AlniAncan<B. 

 Exoascus Carpini and Witches' Brooms of 



Hornbeam, ii. 527, 676. 

 Exoascus Cerasi, and Prunus, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus deformans, and "curl" disease, ii. 



524, 676. 

 Exoascus epiphyllus, and Alnus incana, ii. 



527. 

 Exoascus insititise on Prunus insititia, ii. 527. 

 Exoascus Pruni, and pocket-plum, ii. 524, 676. 

 Exoascus turgidus, aud Betula verrucosa, ii. 



527. 

 Exobasidese, hosts, ii. 688. 



— hymenium, ii. 6Si 

 Exobasidium, gall- format ion, ii. 519. 

 Exobasidium Lauri, ii. 521, 688. 

 Exobasidium Rhododendri. ii. 6S8. 

 Exobasidium ,Vaccinii, ii. 526. 688. 



gall-formation, ii. 520. 



Exocarpus, switcli-plant, i. 330. 

 Exogamy, nature of, ii. 647. 

 Exogenai. of De Caudolle, ii. 603. 

 Exosmosis. See Osmosis. 



Esostemma longiflomm. flowers after pol- 

 lination, ii. 222. 

 Exothecium, of antlier, ii. 94, 

 Experiments, cultural, difficulties of, ii. 513. 



— questions addressed to nature, i. 18. 

 Explosive apparatus for pollen dispersal, ii. 



260, 264. 265. 266, 267. 269. 

 Exposure, and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Expulsive-fruits, range of. ii. 839. 

 Extinction, incomplete, ii. 902. 

 Extine, of pollen-grain, ii. 100. 

 Extrorse, of anthers, ii. 95. 

 Eyebright. See Euphrasia. 

 Eye-spot, of Chlamydomonas, function, ii. 



629. 



— of spermatozoid, ii, 52. 

 Eye-spots, of Volvox, ii. 635 



"Eyes", leaf characteristics of shoots from, 

 ii. 516. 



— of potato, i. 651, 



F. 



Fading of corolla and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Fagus, i, 263; ii. 761. 



— aud galls of Hormomyia fagi, ii. 537, 



— aud Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— ash of leaves from different localities, i. 



69. 



— avoided by Mistletoe, i. 205. 



— bud-scales, i. 626. 



— cupule, ii. 434. 



— effect of grazing animals, i- 445. 



— fertilization porogamic, ii. 413. 



— bust of Pilacre, ii. 6.S7. 



— hybrids of, ii. 583. 



— mite-galls, ii. 529. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 102. 



— pollination, ii. 133, 135. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— root-tip with mycelial mantle, i- 250- 

 Fagus sylvatica, cotyledons, i. 621. 

 deciduous hairs, i. 354. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



fohage constant, i. 559. 



leaf-unfolding, i. 353. 



Uberation of cotyledons, i. 613. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii, 515. 



vernation, i. 350, 



vertical range, i. 527. 



Fairy rings, ii. 792. 



Falcaria ravini, periodically pendulous 



umbels, i. 530. 

 FaU of leaf, i. 347. 

 Falling Stars. See Nostoc. 

 False Indigo. See A morpka. 

 Families, mutual relationships, ii 605. 



— of flowering plants, number, ii. 604. 

 Family, subdivision of alliance, ii. 617. 

 Fan-palms, spines, i. 433; ii. 740. 

 Fasciation, due to gall-mites, ii. 549, 

 Fascicle, i. 73S. 



Fascicled roots, i. 751. 

 Fat, in endosperm, ii. 421. 



— transformation, i. 601. 

 Father-plant, in hybridization, ii. 557. 

 Fats, i. 216. 



— vegetable, functions and composition, 



i. 462. 

 Fatty acids, nature of, i. 463. 

 Favus, medical name for ringworm, i. 169. 

 Feather-foil. See Hotlonia. 

 Feather-grass. See Stipa capillata. 

 Feather-grasses on a Russian Steppe, PI. 



VI. 

 Feather-leaved Palms, ii. 740. 

 Fegatella, receptacles, ii. 697. 

 " Fel de terra", i.e. earth-gall, native name 



of Lophophytum mirabile tubers, i. 196. 

 Felspar, i. 80, 83. 



— attacked by lichens, i. 257. 

 Felt, of hairs, i. 324. 



— type of commimity, ii. 889, 894. 

 Felt-galls, ii. 528, 529. 

 Felt-hairs, and animals, i. 442. 



Felt-like mycelial mantle on Phanerogam 



roots, i. 249. 

 Fennel. See Fcniiculum. 

 Fenugreek. See TrigoneUafmmim-grcBcum. 

 Ferment action, hypothesis, i. 509. 

 of Bacteria, i. 162. 



— of Pinguicula, action on milk, i. 142, 143. 



— secreted by Drosera glands, i. 144. 

 Fermentation, alcoholic, i. 506. 



— and enzymes, i. 464. 



— and Moulds, i. 507. 



— and respiration, mutual replacement, i. 



509. 



— and Saccharomyces, ii. 684. 



— by Bacteria, i. 623. 



— nature of, i. 505 ; ii. 519. 

 Ferment-fungi, i. 505. 



Ferments, nature, function, &c., i. 464. 

 Fern, life-cycle, ii. 476. 



— life-history, ii. 708. 



— young sporophyte, ii, 472. 

 Fern-leaves, membranous scales, i. 355. 

 Feru-prothallium, i. 88, 384; ii. 67, 472, 708. 

 Ferns, ii. 61. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 472. 



— amphigonium. ii. 67. 



— antheridia, ii. 67, 



— apical cell, i. 579. 



— as saprophytes, i, 100. 



— buds on fronds, ii. 39. 



— certain, which roll up their leaves, i. 314. 



— climate and distribution, ii. 457, 



— effect of strong light, i. 391. 



— fertilization, ii. 71, 475. 



— fossil, i. 636. 



— fronds and light, i. 413 



— f mit, ii. 7. 



— habitats, ii. 705. 



— hybrids among, ii. 582. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— on ground of woods, i. 109. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— Palieozoic, ii. 612. 



— propagation by offshoots, ii. 458. 

 historical review, ii. S. 



— rarely attacked by parasitic fungi, i. 168. 



— rolling of young fronds, i. 348. 



— saprophytic, on steep rocks, i. 108. 



— scent, ii. 615. 



— sori, ii. 11, 



— spore formation, ii. 10. 



— sporophyte, ii. 704. 



— stem, varieties of. ii. 476. 



— two generations distinct, ii. 474. 



— various, ii. 707- 



— wax on fronds, i. 292. 

 Ferraria, equitant leaves, i. 336. 

 Fertilization, ii. 415. 



— aud mucilage in Ferns, ii. 68. 



— and order of blossoming, i. 739. 



— and origin of species, ii. 594. 



— and pendulous flowers, i. 530. 



— changes initiated by, ii. 422. 



— conditions in Phanerogams, ii. 72. 



— essence of process, ii. 46. 



— essential difference between Cryptogams 



and Phanerogams, ii. 418. 



— in Ferns, ii. 475. 



— in Floridepe, ii, 60. 



— in Hehanthemum marifolium, ii. 411. 



— in Marsilia, Salvinia, and Selaginella, iL 



69. 



— in Moulds, doubted, ii. 677. 



— in Muscineie. ii. 65. 



— in Peronosporeffi, ii. 669. 



— in Phanerogamia, ii. 717. 



— of inclosed ooplast, ii. 54. 



— of Orchids, by Darwin, ii. 738. 



— resemblance in Muscinea! and Characeae, 



ii. 66. 



— twelve typical processes, ii. 48. 



— unsolved problems, ii. 415. 

 Fertilizing-tube of Peronosporese, ii. 56. 



of SaprolegniaccEB, ii. 484. 



Ferula, flowering, i. 745. 



Ferulago, geitonogamy, ii. 325, 

 Fescue-grasses. See Festvca. 

 Festuca, ii. 746. 



— aud Lolium, hybridization, ii. 583. 



— leaf -closing, i. 340. 



— pollination, ii. 142. 



— stomata, i. 340. 



— vascular bundles of leaf, i. 343. 

 Festuca alpestris and cattle, i. 436. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Festuca alpina, bulbils, ii. 454. 

 Festuca arundinacea, barbs, i. 439- 

 Festuca nigrescens, authocyanin in glumes, 



i. 522. 

 Festuca Porcii, leaf, section, i. 343. 

 Festuca punctoria, leaf, section, i. 345. 

 stomata on upper leaf-surface, localiza- 

 tion of wax, i. 292. 

 Festuca rupicapriua, bulbils, ii. 454. 



